History of Circle Essay

The word â€Å"circle† derives from the Greek, kirkos â€Å"a circle,† from the base ker- which means to turn or bend. The origins of the words â€Å"circus† and â€Å"circuit† are closely related. The circle has been known since before the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles would have been observed, such as the Moon, Sun, and a short plant stalk blowing in the wind on sand, which forms a circle shape in the sand. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern civilization possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy, and calculus. Early science, particularly geometry and astrology and astronomy, was connected to the divine for most medieval scholars, and many believed that there was something intrinsically â€Å"divine† or â€Å"perfect† that could be found in circles. The compass in this 13th century manuscript is a symbol of God’s act ofCreation. Notice also the circular shape of the halo| Circles on an old astronomy drawing| Some highlights in the history of the circle are: * 1700 BC – The Rhind papyrus gives a method to find the area of a circular field. The result corresponds to 256/81 (3.16049†¦) as an approximate value of Ï€. * 300 BC – Book 3 of Euclid’s Elements deals with the properties of circles. * In Plato’s Seventh Letter there is a detailed definition and explanation of the circle. Plato explains the perfect circle, and how it is different from any drawing, words, definition or explanation. * 1880 – Lindemann proves that Ï€ is transcendental, effectively settling the millennia-old problem of squaring the circle.

Air Pollution: Causes and Effects

Air Pollution: Causes and Effects It keeps us alive but at the same time, it can also be harmful. We breathe air everyday. Air provides us with oxygen that is essential for living. Nitrogen, water vapor, and inert gases comprise air along with oxygen. Emission of substances that contaminate air results to pollution. Air pollution is both natural and human-based. Natural air pollution is caused by phenomenon such as volcanic eruption, wind erosion, decomposition and radioactive materials. Writing essay can only do as much in explaining each cause.Volcanic eruptions send sulfur dioxide, tons of ash, and soot into the air which mixes with water vapor to form acid rain. Dirt particles can also be carried to the atmosphere during wind erosion. This happens in areas with less vegetation where soil cannot be held together. Bacteria that feed on decaying organic matter like plants or animals produce methane and carbon dioxide, which are released into the atmosphere. Earth's crust is composed is composed of a radioactive element called Uranium. Uranium turns into Radium once it decays afterward forming Radon.Radon is a gas that combines with air through evaporation. Human activities or anthropogenic sources also cause air pollution. These activities mostly involve burning of fuel. Stationary sources include factories and power plants. Mobile sources, on the other hand, are motor vehicles, aircraft, and water vessels. There are still other human-based causes of air pollution. Landfills, where wastes get decomposed, generate methane. Use of aerosol sprays and the likes also contribute to air pollution. Air pollution spreads easily as it travels into the atmosphere.People get exposed to air pollution not just outdoors. Even in the comforts of our houses and workplaces, air pollution can also occur. This is known as indoor pollution. Our respiratory and cardiovascular systems get affected by air pollution. The health risk air pollution poses depend on the type of chemical o ur bodies were exposed to, and the degree of exposure. It can either be short-term or long-term. Examples of short-term effects are eye irritation, coughing, and sneezing. While long- term effects include heart disease, lung cancer, and damage to vital organs such as brain, liver, or kidneys.Air pollution can also worsen a person's medical condition. Humans are not the only victims of air pollution. Environment also suffers. You may have read about this over again as air pollution effects is a common topic in writing essay. Acid rain can be fatal to trees and plants once it penetrates the soil and raises its acidity. Acid rain also causes damage to properties. It corrodes materials made of stone like statues and monuments. Air pollution has long been a global problem. You can help increase awareness on how to protect air by writing essay . Take your part in lessening air pollution, and save lives.

EDLE 640 - Assignment 1 Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EDLE 640 - Assignment 1 - Speech or Presentation Example Therefore, much as we would commit ourselves to achieving our goals or the goals of the organizations we work with, it must all start with loving the other people. Therefore, the first secret to successful leadership, according to Fullan is, Love Your Employees (Fullan, 2008). While being hindered by others in the course of a goal attainment mission, realizing full potential becomes practically impossible. Therefore, the necessity to Connect Peers with a Purpose; which is the second secret to good leadership as discussed by Fullan, becomes necessary. Connecting the peers with ones purpose and objective; personal, professional or organizational, enhances and facilities the goal attainment (Fullan, 2008). Thus connectivity with the people should be much more than just collaborating with them. It requires more of firm interconnection of the peers, and upholding capacity building as the priority for the organization. Facilitating the free social interactions within the peers and creating a favorable environment for them to engage in creativity and innovation, without the fear of being reprimanded for failure, allows individuals to move out of their comfort zones and engage in more risky affairs, which eventually develops full human capacity (Fullan, 2008). While we work towards realizing our goals with the interest of the other people at the fore front, the goal attainment mission becomes justifiable as a personal initiative, and also as a societal collaboration towards a better life for ourselves and for the rest. Social collaboration is enhanced through applying the third secret as discussed by Fullan, which is to ensure Capacity Building Prevails. I have lived in three different countries in the course of my education and professional development; born in Australia, studying in the USA and gaining working experience in London. But in all these movements, I have found that valuing other people is what counts much towards any progress and development, personal, pr ofessional or organizational, since it is only through the support of others, that an individual can realize their full potential, and thus help their organizations to achieve the optimum (Fullan, 2008). Offering leadership and ability demonstration opportunities is fundamental to the development of individuals. Thus, having the mentality that Learning is the Work; forms the fourth secret towards successful leadership. This point to the fact that; learning is the main job within any job, since knowledge and experience improvement forms the basis of career and professional development, as well as personal growth (Fullan, 2008). While individuals are exercising their duties and mandates in the work place, they should not cease to learn, because working with others and through others helps to develop the full potential, and reawakens the talents hidden within an individual’s ability. My first promotion to a high leadership position was when I was 28 years, while teaching at St M ary’s Parish School in Warren, where I was promoted to the rank of Assistant Principal. This enabled me to exercise my teaching roles, while at the same time learning how to lead an institution, an experience that put my everyday as a purely learning day. Within the one year period that I spent as the Assistant Principa

Computer Web Services (SOA, restful services) Essay

Computer Web Services (SOA, restful services) - Essay Example This essay focuses on the discussing of web services and web applications in business. The researcher states that popularity of web services and SOA has offered a great potential for drastic reductions in cost for integrating business applications with much higher flexibility and reusability. A key to the success of SOA is the distinct separation of the service interface from its implementation. The clients which consume these services have no idea how these services execute their requests. Web services are the next big thing in the evolution of the Web as they have a lot to offer the world in terms of infrastructure and automation tools for promoting inter-business relationships over the Internet. REST has also caught everyone’s attention in a big way and has given rise to a novel way to design web services that restricts any kind of dependency on proprietary middleware and application software. REST is slowly replacing the SOAP and WSDL-based design and using RESTful APIs to expose a system’s resources has proved to be a very flexible approach to provide different applications with standard formatted data. These new technologies, that were discussed in the essay have not only enabled organizations to think in a big way, but also brave the challenges thrown ahead of them in terms of new, evolving technologies that are present and rapidly changing architectural trends. It has empowered them to adapt to the ever changing face of IT and confidently address their business goals and objectives.

Comparison between one selected alternative procurement strategy Essay

Comparison between one selected alternative procurement strategy against the traditional lump sum contract - Essay Example There have been many developments in the field of procurement management over the years. Partnering, Construction Management, Management Contracting , Built-Operate-Transfer / Public Private Partnership, Guaranteed Maximum Price etc are some of the commonly used procurement strategies. With this background, the present essay discusses and compares differences in the procurement of management Contracting and the traditional lump sum contracting. The main tasks of the procurement professional are to assess and choose material suppliers based on accessibility, dependability and cost in order to find the good quality products (or services) at the best feasible value (Marsh, 2000). In an online article-Supply and Demand Chain Executive, October, 2003- the author remarks that "while procurement is a critical business function for virtually every company, senior management often misunderstands it. In general, procurement is usually viewed as a cost center, which can only be marginally improved through the application of information technology" (Smith, 2003). Irrespective of the developments in the field, there are some problems and challenges that many companies still are confronted with in the area of procurement management. ... The failure to establish pricing agreements for certain suppliers; Lack of accessibility to contract information; Inability to perceive the supplier performance and reliability based on contract terms; Comparison between Management Contracting Lump-sum Contracts A lump sum contract refers to a kind of fixed price contract where the buyer comes to a fair deal with the provider (or seller) by agreeing to pay a fixed total amount for a well-defined product (Chen, 2001). In other words, while payment is the common factor between these two contract types, differences prevail in terms of the payment modes that can be fixed or contract-based regarding the former, but have to be fixed when it comes to the latter. Whereas management contracting is an arrangement under which a separate enterprise performs the managerial functions of the principal enterprise in exchange of payment. It involves a wide range of functions including the operational functionalities of the enterprise, production, accounting, marketing, and so on (Procurement practice guide, 2008). It is suitable for fast track projects, complex buildings, and a developing brief. However, it perform less in areas characterized by inexperienced clients, cost certainty before starting construct ion, and clients wanting to pass risk to the contractor. These two types of procurement strategies can be further compared and contrasted in with the major points such as organizational structure, contractual relationships, risk control mechanism, and Suitability criteria and the impacts on the project outcomes. Organizational structure While payment being the common factor between management contract and the traditional lump sum contract, there are several other aspects in which the two can differ as well. In order to

Discuss the performance and effectiveness of Franklin D. Roosevelt Essay

Discuss the performance and effectiveness of Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) as commander-in-chief during the Second World War and how he developed his relationship with the U.S. Armed Forces - Essay Example Roosevelt was the commander in chief of the armed forces of United States. He was held responsible of the industrial might of the state. His roles were enormous in the establishment of the United Nations. Franklin D. Roosevelt always had people behind him during times of war and peace. Some of the methods that Roosevelt applied drew various perspectives on the integrity of his administration. During World War 2, the president ordered the American industry to manufacture large quantities of war equipments. He ordered 18 million tons of shipping, 185,000 planes and 120,000 tanks. The equipments were to be produced within two years. Roosevelt also expanded the number of servicemen in the armed forces and the number reached 11 million.1 The American navy was also integrated and expanded to form complex force that was bigger than the rest combined. Employees in the armed forces were increased to 65 million. Roosevelt encouraged civilians to join the armed forces by having all his sons in the forces. John and Franklin, Jr were in the Navy; James was in the Marines and Elliott in the Army Air Force. The armed forces of United States therefore gained confidence with the president. Franklin D. Roosevelt took interest in agencies that managed war among countries allied to United States. Roosevelt met with Churchill together with their military men and chiefs. The consequence of the meeting was the2 formation of the combined chiefs of staff that planned and managed British and American forces. The combined team allocated ammunitions, controlled military intelligence and communications and also administered the areas that had been conquered. There was also a board that administered industrial resources of the three countries. The raw materials board also managed the supplies among the three states.2 Coordinated management led to the success of the forces and great attribution was made to the president. Franklin D. Roosevelt was concerned with the unity of the

Financing and Real Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financing and Real Investment - Essay Example The Ryan family of UK started the business with 1 15-seater Bandeirante aircraft and 25 staffs. Within the span of less than 30 years, it has become the best low cost line service provider in entire European market. It is operating in the European market with 8,896 staffs, 272 Boeing 737-800 serving more than 73,553,580 passengers annually. It has achieved tremendous growth in terms of finance, passengers and market share. Its no-frill strategy for low cost has made it to achieve cost leadership in their entire Europe (RyanAir, â€Å"History of RyanAir†). Competitive Position of RyanAir With rapid growth of passengers and market share, it is become the leader of low cost airline industry. Its effective no-frill strategy for low cost leadership has brought a revolution in the market. It has been able to achieve the upper hand position in the market by offering lowest prices, by serving the largest coverage and by achieving the highest traffic growth. The following figure presen ts a comparison of low cost competitors in the European market. ... Financing and Real Investment Activities in RyanAir With the increasing market share and increasing volume of operational business, RyanAir requires a significant amount of aircraft and other assets including plant, property and equipment. As per the reported consolidated balance sheet of 2011, RyanAir has increased its net value of plant, equipment and property by â‚ ¬619.5 million. The consolidated cash flow of RyanAir has presented the â‚ ¬897.2 million outflow of cash in 2011 comparing to â‚ ¬997.8 millions in 2010. However, 2011, RyanAir has made lower investment comparing to the previous years but, management has decided to invest in the real assets with increasing market share (RyanAir-c, p.3-8). The financial activities of RyanAir also show a positive indication. The management has disclosed that within the last three years, RyanAir has returned â‚ ¬850 million to its shareholders but still its financial position is quite. In 2011, the net cash flow from financing activities has reduced in 2011 as it has repaid the long term borrowings of â‚ ¬280.7 million and also pain dividend to shareholders of â‚ ¬500.0 million. This is good indication for the shareholders as in spite of paying â‚ ¬500.0 million of dividends its retained earnings stood at â‚ ¬1,967.6 million. Besides, the company has also made investments in financial assets and derivatives in the previous years and in 2011, it holds the Derivative financial instruments of â‚ ¬23.9 million and Available for sale financial assets of â‚ ¬114.0 million (RyanAir-c, p.3-8). A5 Introduction In order to assess the financial condition of any organisation, the financial analysis techniques are quite necessary important. However, for the financial analysis techniques, certain skills are required which is

Advantages of using a team to develop and complete a presentation Essay

Advantages of using a team to develop and complete a presentation - Essay Example Collaborations utilizing the talents and wisdom of knowledgeable persons provide the presentation with a higher level of credibility and in-depth informative aspects far beyond what a single perspective and solitary voice could offer to the audience. It is commonplace in today’s high-tech society for presentations to be produced and delivered by means of a group effort rather than by an individual. It has been found to be much more effectual for numerous associates to speak instead of just a single person speaking for the entire organization or group. A presentation is broken up into several sections with each requiring a specialized knowledge base which is more effectively addressed by an expert in that particular area. One person can hardly be considered the most knowledgeable within an organization regarding every aspect of a complex subject or project. In addition, the audience retains more interest for a longer period of time if the presentation is broken up with differing speakers. When team members speak only on what they know best, this not only allows for a more informative presentation but does not put the burden on one person to speak about unfamiliar aspects of the subject. Each member is confident with their part and thus at ease with the material unlike a single person attempting to cover everything, a confidence which is openly conveyed to the audience. Group presentations also serve to present a cross-section of the organization’s employees instead of viewing just one representative, a major selling point to the intended audience (Friedmann, 2003). Team presentation offers a heightened level of attention for the audience as they are presented with a variety of speakers. When practiced well, the presentation flows more smoothly and coherently with a group effort because, for example, one person might be given the task of operating visual and or audio aids while another focuses on speaking to the audience.

Virtual Learning Environments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Virtual Learning Environments - Essay Example VLE's or Virtual Learning Environments are better known as E learning environments aimed at providing appropriate learning elements for students to meet online and exchange academic perspectives regardless of time and spatial considerations. (Andriessen, J.H.E. 2002), The VLE has eliminated geographical and cultural barriers in learning and has innovated the conventional means of physical learning in class room based academic strategies characterised by the presence of a teacher with time constraints. (Andriessen, J.H.E. 2002), Academic opinion has thus regarded this as a form of constructive learning overcoming the conventional mode of "transfer of knowledge" by a teacher based upon the focal role of computer networking across geographical boundaries. In this vein this essay explores whether the academia has actually benefited from the infusion of new technology and some legal issues presented by the activities with in the "Walled Garden". (Costa, A.C., Verburg, R., Andriessen, J.H.E. 2002).The paper also argues that the transition within the conventional modes of physical teaching will take time to absorb to this new concept of the Walled garden. The literature has shown a redefined role for the teachers and the learners due to the introduction of the VLE's.This is particularly so as we are looking at the modern teacher as a facilitator rather than an instructor who is able to interact with the students outside the traditional class room. (Costa, A.C., Verburg, R., Andriessen, J.H.E. 2002), The VLE is a product of the higher data transfer speed and broader bandwidths which has allowed the production of high quality multi-media communication (MMC) tools which are aimed at facilitating the student base to offer a richer media for students to interact and communicate their academic concerns. (Gaver, W. 1996). However the use of the VLE has come with its own social and technical nuances for the academia as the professors and students alike show reluctance in accepting the technological "threat" to their traditional educational environments. (Gaver, W. 1996), For example the traditional learning systems were still unfamiliar with peer collaboration, freedom of expression and academic criticism and tolerance of different political views. Thus the success of the VLE as an educational aid is not solely based upon the sound technological infrastructures and improved interface design but upon the design of social environments which the Walled Garden aims to create. (Gaver, W. 1996), This would require careful planning ,defining of roles and regulating any chances of unpleasantness amongst the members as new attitudes and learning styles are encountered. Even though the VLEs are learner-centred environments the danger is that

The effects of working night shift Research Paper

The effects of working night shift - Research Paper Example Studies provide enough evidence that adequate sleep benefits alertness, memory, problem solving capacity, overall physical and mental health, and also reduces the risk of accidents. A good sleep during night will allow us to wake up feeling refreshed. On the contrary, if sleep is deprived every part of our body and life can suffer. The jobs, relationships, productivity, health and safety are all put at risk when sleep is deprived. Night shift working can be a serious problem to health and well being of an individual. Nursing profession is a good example for shift based working. In today’s busy schedule of nurses, they often have to compromise on sleep. According to a study, nurses get an average of 6.8 hours of sleep on a working day which is far less than the recommended 8 hours of sleep. This may result in reduced vigilance, reaction time, memory, psychomotor coordination, and decision making that is of utmost importance in this profession (Stutts et al.). There are also stu dies that show that speed of mental processing slows down during the night under conditions of sleep deficiency (Monk et. al. 399-401). Interns made significantly more serious medical errors when they worked repeatedly on shifts of 24 hours compared to when they worked in shorter shifts. (Landrigan et al. 1838-1848). The results for the study by Landrigan et al. may also be extended to nurses who work overtime and commit serious medication errors. In addition to sleep deprivation, there are other problems such as finances, family life, disease, studies, parents, children, etc. that can be a major cause for stress and anxiety. And when lack of sleep combines with stress and anxiety over a period of time, many serious health problems such as heart disease, high blood pressure, strokes etc. may occur. The major health challenges in people who work regularly during the night are due to sleep deprivation and unscheduled eating habits. Studies have identified that human body works on natu ral biological clock that is termed as Circadian Rhythms. Several physiological functions in the human body undergo natural rhythmic changes in the course of 24-hour period that are seriously disturbed in night shift workers. For instance, the heart rate and body temperature for individuals getting adequate sleep are lowest around 4:00 am and are at peak around 12:00 pm. For night shift workers, the circadian rhythms are disturbed and this can be linked to most disturbing health effects such as gastrointestinal problems, increased risk for cancer, obesity and type 2 diabetes (Baldwin and Barrett 149-155; Levi 119-136; Blask et al. 11174-11184; Arendt 10-20). Additionally, night shift working may also aggravate diseases such as diabetes mellitus, epilepsy and thyrotoxicosis (LaDOU 525-530). Studies on night shift working women showed an increased risk of breast cancer. More precisely, these women working during the nights have 60 percent higher chances of developing breast cancer whe n compared to other women. The reason for this is linked with the production of a hormone Melatonin that occurs during the night and there is a lack of this hormone in night shift working women. Additionally, problems such as irregular menstrual cycles and pain during menstrual periods are also high in these women. There are also problems such as higher risk of spontaneous abortions, low fertility, delayed fetal development, premature delivery and low birth weight faced by women who work during the night (OHCOW 1-6). Night shift working people are

Teaching English as a second language Essay Example for Free

Teaching English as a second language Essay Language is said to be a system in which the combination of sounds form words and the combination of words form sentences for a representation of knowledge is determined by a system of rules. And these rules are applied in the construction of words and sentences. One of the basic principles of learning a second language is to use it as soon as possible in our everyday life activities. This is made clear to the learner and the teacher makes effort to see to it that the language is learned, despite the many interference phenomena in the process. Nigeria is a multilingual and multi-cultural country. It has been estimated that over 400 indigenous languages exist in the country. This multiplicity of languages in Nigeria was compounded with the advent of the colonial masters who introduced and implanted the English language in Nigeria. It has become part of the system to the extent that instead of the continous struggle required to meet up with the standard set by the native speakers , a Nigerian variety has emerged. It is now regarded as a Nigerian language. The English Language in Nigeria enjoys a prestigious status, having a high premium placed on it as the national Lingua franca, It is the Language of administration, trade, commerce and industry, inter-ethnic relationship. It is the language of integration and instruction in schools and above all the language of national Unity as well as international communication. Apart from functioning as the language of integration here in Nigeria, Yate (1992) has observed that ‘ of more notable importance is the increase in the international and technological function of English Language as the dominant language of the Cyber cafà ©, and the most used language in the internet. It is also an elitist language. We now live in an ICT globalised world in which English is the medium of interaction between individuals and nations. According to Babajide 2002: â€Å"For any nation particularly in the third world to be relevant and derive the maximum benefit from the opportunities that abound in every area of human need, for personal advancement and national development, English is a ‘sine qua non’. He further stated that up  till now the country is still faced with the dilemma of selecting an indigenous language that will foster national unity. As the debate continues, Prof. Afolayan bring s out the important place of English when he said that â€Å"It is unrealistic for anybody in Nigeria today to think that National unity can be forged in the country without recourse to the utilization of the English Language†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. It has been the language of political entity itself and also the language of its politico- economic unification and administration. Further more the fact that it is now functioning as the language of Nigerian Nationalism cannot be denied.† Multilingualism and English in Nigeria The first Nigerian National anthem acknowledges the existence of indigenous languages ‘though tribe and tongue may differ in brotherhood we stand†. Nigeria is a typical multi-lingual country in which minority languages which are very many live side by side with the major languages. The country is not only the melting pot of African socio-political and linguistic realities but also the meeting point of divergent and convergent views on minority languages and language policy. Multilingualism is a sociolinguistic phenonmenon that arises as a result of language contact. It is a situation in which two or more languages operate within the same context. Factors such as political annexation, marital relations, economic transactions, cultural association, educational acquisition and religious affiliation bring about multilingualism. All these factors underpin the socio-political landscape of Nigeria today even though the combination of political and economic transaction or exploitation originally brought the people referred to as Nigerians today in contact with the English people. The coming of English colonialist in the 18th Century brought about â€Å"Linguistic imperialism†a situation in which â€Å" the minds and lives of the speakers of a language are dominated by another language to the point where they believe that they can and should use only the foreign lanugauge when it comes to transactions dealing with the advanced aspects of life such as education,philosophy, literature,government and the administration of justice.† So inspite of the fact that English is foreign, it has become a language that has helped to weld together the many people that constitute Nigeria.

Leadership Theories and Styles

Leadership Theories and Styles Leadership theories refers to the approach that a manager adopts in order to exercise authority in the work place and be able to direct staff towards meeting the organizational mandate as outlined in their job descriptions. It is the way that a manager resorts in order to discharge all the sum total of responsibilities that entails management and leadership. Leadership theories have just recently been advanced and well understood, earlier literature that is available which attempted to identify and classify leadership theories focused on personality aspects that defined leaders and which defined followers. It was not until 1939 when, Kurt Lewin as the lead researcher was able to provide a well documented and thorough research of leadership theories at the time in a study that formed frameworks and references of future studies in leadership theories and styles. The results and finding of the research were published in the U.S Army Handbook. Current available literature on leadership theories in the context of modern organization is still varied in terms of the number of the main leadership theories. In the journal of Harvard Business Review, Schmidt and Tannenbaum has summarized the four common leadership theories that can be identified in modern organizational leaders. First theory of leadership is referred as Autocratic or authoritative style, as the name would suggest it refers to an approach where a manager maintains and run an organizational with a tight leash on the apparatus of power. A manager is this type of style expects his word to be law and employees do not have room to present their suggestion for consideration. Decisions are made at the highest level of an organization and handed down through established protocols to be implemented across the appropriate levels by the employees through existing organizational procedures. In this type of leadership motivation among employees is very minimal or nonexistent and the techniques that are used to provide motivation apply a combination of threats and promises such as benefits and retributions (Tannenbaum Schmidt, 2008). The other type of leadership theory is bureaucratic style of management. In this type of management a manager requires that all work procedures within the organization be done in such a way as clearly outlined in the organizational manual or according to the set policy. Regardless of situations that are unique and in which the organizational policies might not apply, a bureaucratic leader is more likely to insist on sticking to the organizational way of doing things (Tannenbaum Schmidt, 2008). This leadership kills creativity in the work place and might give rise to work burn out, however it is appropriate in a work setting such as in laboratory research environment where all variables of interests are carefully controlled in order to achieve desired results. The third type is democratic leadership style also referred as participative style since it strives to involve employee in organizational management and decision making. In this type leadership a manger understands that employee are more informed in some instances than their leaders and can therefore provide valuable insight that can enable informed decisions at the management level. It makes an employee feel important and appreciated at the work place and is therefore a very motivating method of running an organization. By involving employees in organization management and decision making serves to impart this skills in their routine job requirements besides grooming them for their next career levels within the organization (Tannenbaum Schmidt, 2008). However this style is only effective in an organization where employees are skilled and very knowledgeable in their areas of specialty since they are less likely to make work related mistakes that might be costly to the organization. The final and fourth leadership style is the Leissez-Faire a French word that loosely translated describes lack of interest, and rightly so because in this case a manager is almost detached away from the intricacies of organization and employee management. Much leeway is given to employee to use their best judgment and achieve individual or teamwork requirements, meet targets and work deadline (Hofstede, 2007). The manger hardly ever supervise employee or follow up on their progress but relies on internal organizational systems. As with the democratic style this style too should be adopted where the employee are qualified and competent in discharging their duties without direction and are mature to achieve self motivation. This being the styles that a manager can use in organization and people management, there are other factors that are crucial in determining which leadership style a manager is likely to apply or indeed must apply in order to efficiently provide leadership. One is the managers personality type that is usually determined by the level of education, skills, experience, and previous work environment, this factors will significantly determine which approach a manager will use. For instance previous work environment could shape a managers future leadership roles to match with that experience. Another factor is the personality type of the organizational employees that is also shaped by other factors such as skills, competence, experience and their level of position. Depending on the employees personality a manager might not have choice on the type of the leadership to use (Kovacevic Builder, 2010). Finally an organizational values, traditions, and policies will also provide bearing as to how an organization is run and a manager might find that deviating from previous managers leadership approach might result in management crisis. Geert Hofstede, the Germany psychologist who researched the revolutionary findings that provided the first measurable evidence between association of culture and organization in what he termed as power distance, explains that the approach that a leader adopts to manage people is as a result of the attitude of the manager towards the employees (2007). Positive leaders he notes are likely to adopt the democratic or Leissez-Fare style that places much trust in employees and sets to achieves motivation through providing rewards. Negative managers on the other hand are more predisposed to adopt authoritative leadership style that uses set of punishments to achieve employee cooperation and ensure motivation. Leaders also use consideration and structure in employee and organizational management. In consideration the managers seeks to ensure that employees concerns are addressed and their need met. A manager therefore is aware that these way employees are more likely to perform well in discharging their duties through undivided attention. The other approach is structure where a leader approach to employee management is through increased task and job output assessment. The focus is on continuously providing employee with duties as the only way to measure employee performance (Hofstede, 2007). Let us now do an analysis of leadership style in practice using examples of known organizations that are managed by leaders that we are familiar with. Google incorporation recently found in early 2000 is now worth billions of dollars and has revolutionized the way internet search is done; they have the most efficient online search engine which is the company trademark (Kovacevic Builder, 2010). Google CEO Eric Schmidt organizational leadership perhaps is the single most significant factor that has contributed to the success of the organization besides it ability to continuously launch online innovate products compared to their rivals, Microsoft incorporation. Microsoft Incorporation that was establish decades ago by it founder and present CEO Bill Gates has been in the business of developing consumer softwares and recently has increasingly ventured towards cutting a niche of market share that is presently found online. Microsoft incorporation has decades of experience in consumer development products and marketing strategies that rivals Google, now it biggest competitor and the undisputed leader on online advertisement and its search engine thats can now been enabled through use of 36 languages (Kovacevic Builder, 2010). Microsoft Incorporation strengths lies in it experience and domination of the market for many years and it organizational strengths. Bill Gate the leader and CEO of Microsoft has over time adopted leadership style that has been instrumental in defining Microsoft organizational values, traditions and management approaches at other levels. The management style that Bill Gate has now used for a long time and which defines Microsoft Incorporation is the one where employees are managed top down by their manager with the managers exercising great control and clout in decision making process (Kovacevic Builder, 2010). Bill Gates is the leader who has largely shaped the vision and organizational direction that Microsoft has so far taken over the years. Being the founder of the company it is right to assume that Bill Gates would exercise more control and authority on where he would want his company to head. But this authority is in no way limited to making important decisions in that pertains to the future of the organization. In employee management Bill Gates has put internal mechanisms that provide oversight of employees performance and usually provide direct supervision to ensure that organizational project are on course and employee are adequately involved in the process. Each department manager is supposed to oversee and provide directions to junior staff on the shape that project are expected to focus on in line with decisions made at higher levels. This leadership style of Bill Gates therefore seems to be a blend of democratic and authoritative, which tends to lean towards authoritative style (Kovacevic Builder, 2010). As a result employee creativity is hampered and channeled to focus towards pre-arranged lines of ideas on which they are managed in order to deliver. For instance decisions arrived at board meetings of senior management personnel might decide that Microsoft as an organization need to focus more on developing an online search engine that is more superior to Google in order to remain competitive, as recently happened. Then employees are given directives that are supposed to implement this strategy without deviations, an employee who might be having a fresh idea that could be pursued to redefine the organization product might therefore have no platform for presenting such an idea and the organization innovativeness is likely to slump back as is now the case at Microsoft Incorporation (Kovacevic Builder, 2010). In Google Eric Schmidt prides himself in running an organization where less time and effort are delegated in terms of employee management. Back in 2002 when Eric Schmidt was hired as the CEO of the Google Incorporation he never realized that an organizational vision and direction could be largely defined by the creativity of the employees. The Google Incorporation founders Larry Page and Sergy Brin are even less involved in providing leadership and employee management. The leading factor that is used in staff recruitment at Google incorporation is the ability of a person to be creative. At Google incorporation employee are not managed per se but are put in very small teams of 3-5 persons and have as much leeway on any area they wish to focus that they believe hold potential of defining future opportunities with consumers. After a team comes up with an idea that they think the company should pursue they present all the facts in support of the idea including the budget requirement and possible time frame that might be required before initial results can be achieved for assessment, additional resources that would be necessary are also requested at this point (Tannenbaum Schmidt, 2008). The report is then presented to a committee comprised of very senior and experienced employees that would go through the report for vetting based on its strengths, resource requirements, time frame, and relevance of the application to consumer among other variables. Since employees are in an environment that continuously nurtures and encourages creativity at work place, more ideas keep coming from the employees that are as varied as the breath of products that Google incorporation keeps launching in the market place with an astonishingly regular rate. It is this Leissez-Faire leadership style by Eric Schmidt that is also the culture of the organization that has enabled Google to remain competitive and above all define new frontiers in the industry that some years back was unheard of. In just about ten years Google Incorporation has launched more consumer online products and applications than Microsoft has achieved in the decades that they have been operational (Kovacevic Builder, 2010). The future of Google as a company is going to be more influenced by the diversity of it employee which is the key to its strength besides the Leadership style that continues to encourage workplace creativity. As is now the norm Google is in a position to continue dominating the market share not only in online products but will continue chatting the future and the shape that future products will take and where online market wars will occur (Tannenbaum Schmidt, 2008). References Hofstede G. (2007). Culture and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw- Hill Publishers. Kovacevic, L., Builder, A.U. (2010). Google Incorporation Vs Microsoft Incorporation. Retrieved April 9, 2010 from http://www.builderau.com.au/strategy/soa/Google-vs-Microsoft/0,2000064882,339290499,00.htm Tannenbaum, R., Schmidt, W. (2008). How to Choose a leadership Pattern. Harvard Business Review, 733(23), Retrieved April 9th 2010 from http//www.havardbusinessreview.org U.S. Army Handbook. (1973). Military Leadership. Washington DC. Government Press.

Information systems for strategic advantage

Information systems for strategic advantage ABSTRACT Every organization has it strategic ways of managing the information of the company. The strategy used depends on the companys vision and mission. This paper is based on a research on how information systems are used strategically as a source of competitive advantage. The case study is mainly on Emirate Airline as the primary industries being compared to British Airways. The research involves using the porters four generic strategies, SWOT analysis and basic business strategies and formulas based on the research methodology. INTRODUCTION RESEACH METHODOLOGY COMPANIES BACKGROUND Emirate Airline: The airline industry is a subsidiary of the Emirate Group, which was founded in 1959 by Sheikh Ahmed Bin Saeed Al-Maktoum. Emirate Group is a public international owned business operating as a travel and tourism company based in Dubai. In 1985 the Emirate Airline industry was established by the investment Corporation Department of the Dubai Government, covered by an agreement with the Pakistan International Airlines as the management company. Before the establishment of Emirate Airline, Gulf Air was the only airline industry that was providing travel services to the Dubai population. During the period Gulf Air begins to reduce and lower it quality of services to the UAE population, which motivate the government to introduce their own Airline. Today emirate airline is the largest, biggest and fastest growing international airline industry in the Middle East. British Airways: British Airways is a public limited company operating as an international airline industry, based in London, United Kingdom. The company starting as a private airline industry, founded in 1935 operating mainly in Europe called Allied British Airways. The merger between imperial Airways and British Airways LTD formed the single name British Airways Corporation in 1939. Later in 1974 when the authority demands that the British Airways Corporation should merge with British European Airways, the name British Airways was returned. Also in 1987 the collaborative merger with British Caledonian made the company being privatized. British Airways is one of the largest and fast growing airline industry not only in United Kingdom but the world, till only these year. INFORMATION SYSTEM Information System: A piece of information always starts with a data, where a data is only knowledgeable and meaningful when it has been processed and transform into information. Every organization has its unique information and each information has it value to the overall success of the organization, Making it vital and important to manage the information strategically. The data, procedure, hardware, software, or even humans that are used to accumulate, collect or assemble to evaluate and analyzed information, is being referred to as information system. Specifically in terms of organization like emirate airline or British airways they are computer-based systems of hardware and software that the companies employees, clients, and customers used to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute or manage information.[ Paul 2003] An information system is a work system whose business process is devoted to capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating, and displaying information, thereby supporting other work system[Steven Alter 2002] Emirates Airline information system: there are several tools, software and hardware used in the Airline industries, and they will be named and briefly discussed. The information systems are used strategically as a source of competitive advantage, how they are use strategically will discuss in dept in the strategy analysis column. Emirates Airlines has a call center, it a centre where customers call and get information regarding the flights, the booking and the offers. The call center provides all the information about the company and employees. The call center also calls customers whenever there is a new product, service or sales as a marketing procedure. The callers information is saved on a database for strategic benefits in the future. The companys website is another information system that is used strategically to manage its customer and client needs. The web-site consists of different databases and content in order to provide its user with information such as the flights details and companys basic details. Emirate Airline also uses the Customer Relationship Manager Information System (CRIS), which is a window-based web-site running as a client/server application. An oracle development tool was used in creating CRIS, requiring a separate development effort to upgrade. These leave the emirate Airline with unconnected application to manage, scale to support increment demand and cut management cost. But still the company doesnt use CRIS as its main customer relationship software instead Mercator software development supplement provide CRIS for sale to other airlines industries. Also requires offering those customers with a scalable solution, with the aim to minimize the cost and time of customizing the solution for e ach deployment. [Article on mercator] Media is another form of information system used by emirate airline as a source of competitive advantage. It is used in from of TV, Radio and billboard to advertise there product such as travel promotions, in order to attract customers. Those advertisements target new customers and help the company to keep old customers. One of the most important tool used by the industry which has play a vital role as a competitive advantage is the skyward program, also known as the frequent flyer program. The skyward is in a form of a credit card looking card which can be applied by any passenger whom has travel over a certain amount of miles with emirate airline. It comes in three different categories of blue, silver and gold, where gold the highest and blue is the lowest. The program was established in May 2000 by the organization so as to improve and tighten their competitive advantage. Skywards operate as a reward obtaining card, where a passenger is given an amount of travel miles depending and according to the distance he or she has travelled. As the miles accumulate and increase with amount of travels, the card is upgraded accordingly. These Miles can then be exchanged for free flights, upgrades and other rewards, also a passenger can transfer his miles to another skyward holding passenger. Using skywards pr ogram is free and customers just have to register online or by calling Emirates Airlines if they wish to become skywards members. It is used by over 5.72 million customers. Skyward is one of our most valuable source of information system tool that we use to attract client [Strategic Manager] Another program is skysurfers. It is a frequent flyer program for young children between the ages of 2-16years. It basically works same as skyward but in this case additional rewards are added to attract children. Exciting Rewards such as books, toys, free trips to Wild Wadi and Atlantis in Dubai or even a free ticket to anywhere in the world. Also children get the opportunity of choosing their travel seat. The information, communication and entertainment (ICE) system is an in-flight entertainment facility that provides passengers with variety of channels to choose from. The system includes movies, video games and music channels. ICE can be accessed in different languages such as English, Spanish, Arabic, Korean, Japanese, French and German. Passengers have the option of pausing, forwarding or rewinding any selected item they are watching. In addition a passenger in business or first class cabin has the privilege of ordering and choosing what they want to watch that is not available in the media list booklet. [journal on ICE] Electronic check in stand is a self check in machine available at the emirate terminal in Dubai airport. Passengers are able to check- in between 2 to 48 hours of their flight departure. Where a passenger get to do the all the processes of checking in his or her luggage by himself, saving the trouble of joining the long queue at the main manual check in counter. Staffs are also available at the Electronic check stand for assistance, for instance if a passenger is having difficulty in printing the boarding pass at the last final process of the procedure. [website link] Emirates airline provides exquisite lounges for first and business class passengers as well as skywards silver and gold member, having about 21 lounges in 18 different cities and are even planning on opening more. In cities and countries where the airline doesnt have a departure lounge, a lounge is provided for first and business class passengers. The lounge has comfortable chairs and television to entertain passengers before their departure. Some lounges have well equipped bathrooms with showers for passengers who want to take a shower after a long day. Food of different variety is also available to choose from. Breakfast, lunch and snacks are served to customer satisfaction. This is available because they have customers from different nationalities speaking different languages, so as to attract customers from every part of the country.[website link] EMIRATE AIRLINE STRATEGY ANALYSIS The strategies, structure and management of those strategies and structure is always a composite and complex process of every organization. Strategy can be defined as the direction, route, possibility or scope of a business over the long-term and short-time goals and vision, which achieves advantage for the organization from the begging to the end of its pattern, design, and management of resources within a challenging and competitive environment, by achieving market scope and to accomplish competitive strategy. [J. Thompson with F. Martin, 2005, p1] For an organization to achieve its goals and vision it need to come up with distinctive and well organized strategies which will include critical and comprehensive study as well as investigations into various areas that will produce information that will be advantageous to the accomplishment of the industry. This is the reason why emirate airline gives consideration in focusing into the overall and general position status of their rivals such as British Airways, also involving in their interior and exterior activities. By knowing their competitors status the organization of the company will be able to analyze the status of the companys approaches, capital, income, strategies and resources in general. Which will able the company to establish how they will be able to manage, and defeats British Airways in competitive advantage in future. This will also give the company the prospect to stature out their potency and how they will maximize their strength and eliminate their weaknesses. In every business there are times and periods of strength, weakness, success and failure. All of these periods apply to both British airways and Emirate airline. The corporate strategy used by emirate airline which involves examining the existing and anticipated factors related with passengers and competitors external situation and the organizations (emirate airline) internal environment itself. Envisioning a successful role for the organization, by creating strategy and aligning policies and resources, such as the use of Media to achieve the airlines goals and vision. Emirate airline is committed with the diversity of their clients; the diversification management approach of the applied by the company enables the firm to guarantee that passengers are given outstanding service provided by zealous and committed staffs and employees, unlike British Airways staff that recently undergo a three day strike against their management. The approach is carried out by adding new product and reso urces to an existing product, an example is the new and improved business class cabin introduce about a month ago by Emirate airline and the mile accelerator services added to the skyward facility. [Paul Finlay, 2000, page 473][] We the Staffs of Emirate Airline are always ready to assist and welcome ideas from passengers, either by Electronic survey or any form of technology that will get us a feedback from our client [strategic Manager] Another competitive strategy used by Emirate Airline is the focus-leadership strategy, which play a vital role in attributing to the success of the company, which is derived from the Generic strategy formula. The organizations business goals is to provide its customers with brilliant, reliable and most of all welcoming services to their esteemed clients, by dedicating to make each journey unforgettable and special. The wellbeing, comfort and convenience are important concerns as they provide value service for their passengers and client through dependable, extremely update technologies and the use of information system. The generic strategy will be illustrated in detail through the Porters Four Generic Business Strategy. The organization expands their industry to attain more customers which enable them to be more advantageous and profitable. Making it possible even with the global economic crisis and the financial status of Dubai, Emirate Airlines are still making profits. While thei r rivals British Airways report a quite amount of loss in the market share price early this year, even though the organization is manage and maintained by a reasonable steady financial country. But both airline industries are strategically introducing new technologies to enhance and achieve both there long and short term goals and vision. So still with the financial crisis of British Airways they still have competitive advantage over Emirate Airline when it comes to handle crisis as they are much older in the aviation industry and have manage crisis in the past. [journal on profit] We are a much longer aviation industry than emirate airline and we have strategies we alone use in managing our crisis which we have implemented in previous crisis in the past. [BA, strategic manager] The Marketing strategy approach of Emirate airline industry I said to be a customer-oriented strategy method. The strategy focus on various different types of customers, by catering the needs of clients individually and uniquely. This is done through the use of technologies such as the skyward customer account and card, where details and specification of the account holder are saved. The industry has been able to apply routes to a variety of destination all over the world. Emirate Airline industrys strategy can be categorized as a powerful strategy and it enables the business to offer entire loyalty and commitment and maintain organizational operations so as achieve full competitive advantage. Through this strategy, Emirates Airlines surpass most of their competitors in the airline industry, and also gaining market share and enhanced the overall demand of their service. Being (Emirate) an international airline industry gives the management an opportunity to expand and develop their industry and services all over the world with no compromise to the importance and value, and level of services they give for their customers in every country. The company has office with customer service help desk and a call centre facility in mostly every constituency they operate to provide for their passengers and customers needs at all time needed. This is carried out through the diversification management strategy mentioned earlier, where by the need and demand of their passenger and client and handled globally. Nevertheless, the threat and fear of the industry upon British Airways is the survival and existence possess by their rival in the past for handle crisis and picking up to provide affordable and quality services just as the Emirate Airlines. Their weak point can also be drawn from their diversified markets. However, with the 24-hour customer service call cent re of the company, an immediate feedback is given to query of their client. The business model of the airline industry has led to their commercial success in the aviation and airline industry. They are able to have a lean workforce that can be compared to low-cost carriers rather than conventional flag-carriers. In addition, the company has also a simple organizational structure which permits the airline to maintain low overhead costs and enables them to pay no income taxes on wages. The organizations strategy model of emirate Airline is what has lead to their business success in the airline industry, giving them a successful business Model. This business model gives them a supportive workforce, making their services low-cost at the same time the successful and most profitable organization. Also the organization has a plain organizational composition which permits the company to sustain small overhead costs and enables them to pay no revenue duty on income and wages.[] Ethical decisions can be made and taken at managerial level in emirate airline industry, which makes the corporation expand capable and successful organizational behavior. The management of emirate airline believes that principles offer the primary basic for deciding whether a specific action or behavior is ethically or morally right or wrong, the organization are able to develop ethical, moral, perspectives, standards and principles. Where as in British Airways only basic ethical aspect are given consideration, for example a BA female cabin crew most not cover her hair while in Emirate she has to cover her hair. The human resources management approach strategy is used by the organization in recruiting and employing the best and required staffs that will suit their passenger and client needs. Generally Emirate airline strategy is a powerful strategy will be very difficult to be beaten. COMPETATITIVE ADVANTAGE Competitive advantage is the ability and manner by which companies, industries and organization manages to maintain its long and short term goals, mission, and vision also keep up its position against its rival or competitors. It is the state which enables a company to perform in a more effective and competent manner, leading the organization to act and operate in a higher-quality approach than its competitors. Competitive advantage could be a long-term or short-term condition and can be managed through various competitive strategies, such as: The Porters Four Generic Business Strategies SWOT Analysis PEST Analysis These strategies will be discussed and analyzed separately, using British Airways as a comparison and competitors against Emirate Airlines. SWOT ANALYSIS The tactical procedure implemented to evaluate an organizations strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat is strategically known as SWOT analysis. The analysis method involves enumerating the goal and objective of the organization by determining the internal and external factors that are prosperous and non-amicable to achieving that goals and objective. The analysis can be integrated into the strategic business model of the company. Every organization has it strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, same applies to Emirate Airline. The strength weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the industry will be discussed individually using the SWOT analysis. STRENGTH Emirates Airline grew from successful effectiveness strength resulting from the accurate decisions, planning and the strategy set to its employees by the organization. The determined efforts and excellent services provided by its members of the staff to the passengers and client gave strength to the Airline. The Airline starting the operation with two leased aircrafts from the Pakistan International Airlines, and was able to strengthen its fleet of aircrafts by purchasing long haul aircrafts from the manufacturers of the Boeing Airbus aircrafts. The A380 and B777 were specifically purchased to provide contented and satisfying air travel for its valuable customers. Emirate Airline strength expanded more from when the Airline was selected as the best Airline for the in-flight services for number of years from leading organizations, such as British Airways. The successes and strength of the Emirate Airline leads to an increase in the growth and population the passengers using the Airline, also expands the income, profit and revenue of the organization in whole. On Achieving and winning the award the Airline was mainly recognized globally in the travel industry, where by Inaugurating the Skyward Club memberships for frequent fliers also strengthen the Airline. Its ability to incessantly modify and improve the services in the aviation sectors gave an advantage to the Airline to meet up the targets set by the Management, promoting the industry as the leader in the aviation industry.[paul, 2000] WEAKNESS In every successful strategy there are always weakness, the main weakness of Emirate Airline are Some of the strategies and information system technologies implemented, in order to expand the business approaches have not yet been victorious, which can be considered as weakness. The Airline has been accused for focusing on high-end achievement and diversification, even after knowing such decisions have uncertain and difficult effects on the Airline, making their flight quite unsafe. While British Airways has a History and full safety records established ages ago. OPPORTUNITIES Emirates Airline industry has a wide ranges of opportunities contributing to the competitiveness of the organization. These opportunities are derived from the strategic use of their information system technologies and services, allowing the industry to infiltrate into an untouched new market with no strong competitors like British Airways. The revenue generating profitable income for the organization is from their operating flights to various destination where no un-touched by their rivals, such as available flights from Middle East to India, South East Asia to Africa. Also being able to travel around the prospect to manage code sharing destinations where there are no local flag carriers. THREATS The external environment of the organization is said to be the main source of threat facing the industry. Nevertheless an internal environment issues such as the recent budget formed by the company contribute as a threat to the organization in whole. The fair of the budget increase from the logistic and cost of information system, being introduced and implement so as to achieve the goals and objectives of the company. Examples of these systems are cost management of strategies and technologies like the customer relation manager information system (CRIS). Strong competitive rivals from the European countries like BA leads to an amount of threat jeopardy for the industry in general. The global economic down fall of the Dubai Financial status lead to industry suffering from travel setbacks, making the fairs of Emirate Airline increase from their normal price. The airlines inability to keep up with the innovations or recognized its demand creates a threat for the airline and reduces the load of the passengers. All this is because the political and economical environment in the countries where the airlines operates could potentially affect the business negatively. Where by compliances could be use by their competitors to their advantage and take the industry by surprise and by the time they realize it will be too late that they are not the leaders of the airline industry anymore.

Careful Media Selection Contributes to a Successful Campaign for British Airways :: Business Management Studies

Careful Selection of Media Contributes to a Successful Campaign for British Airways Within BA they understand that the most powerful tool to getting a persuasive message across is through media advertisement, media advertisement allows BA’s message to capture wide audiences depending which type of media it is. The media can contribute mass target audiences which is very useful for objectives like increasing customers and capturing wider target groups this means in other words getting BA’s message across to wide range of the population. Depending on the type of media advertisement enables BA to get recognized as well as lets the public know about their activities, but different media has different effects and can attract certain people this means in other words the contribution of the different media has certain results like for example when advertising in a sports magazine the message gets to that magazines audiences which might be 18 – 35 healthy living individuals. By using different and more than one advertising media helps the company to attract different and wider target groups, which will then help them to get a successful campaign through effectively communicating to their target groups. There are different types of advertisement media that companies use to communicate to their customers and potential customers, each of the different types of media has an advantage which can help promotional campaigns to be more accurate in getting messages across to target groups. The different advertisement medias are: Â · Newspaper advertisements – this type of advertisement contributes to a campaign a clear message whether it is through an image or simple text, it helps promotional campaigns to reach newsreaders depending on the type of newspaper (local, or national). A local newspaper enables the BA to communicate to local residents readers this means in other words through local newspapers this advertisement method helps BA’s promotional campaign to get publicity within the city or local residents. National newspaper like for example The Sun gets the message across to wider readers across UK to see BA’s advertisement. Newspaper media advertisement attracts readers such as older generation because they tend to read more than the younger generation. Â · TV advertisement – for BA this is the most effective way of advertisement and getting the message across to wider target groups, this methods contributes to the success of promotional campaign a visual expression of BA’s services by using color and live motion advertisement. This methods enables the individual person who is watching a description of the service that BA is advertising and visual features which might be appealing. The different audiences can be targeted through careful planning of what channel to advertise

Customer Relationship Management Essay -- Software Technology CRM Essa

Customer Relationship Management A relative of mine works for a corporate firm on CRM (Customer Relationship Management) software. He told me that their company is doing well with their CRM initiative while most of the other companies, using different software, are not achieving their goal of customer satisfaction. That gave me a big click of interest towards my research topic and I came up with a research questions as â€Å"How to avoid CRM failure?† and how to choose a best CRM software vendor? Customer Relationship Management is an interactive process for achieving the optimum balance between corporate investments and the satisfaction of customer needs to generate the maximum profit. CRM refers to management of all interactions with customers in which the enterprise indulges. Its main focus is on managing and optimizing entire customer lifecycle. The customer lifecycle revolves around marketing, sales and customer service. According to Jill Dyche (2002), CRM promises to help companies get to know their customers well enough to understand which ones to keep and which ones they should be willing to lose and why -and how not to overspend in the meantime. CRM also means automating many of the business processes and accompanying analysis and saving precious time in the bargain. Today’s companies are interacting with consumers at unprecedented levels and across different channels, such as E-mail, text chat, and multi-functional call centers. Marketing, sales and customer service are commonplace for CRM, so it is essential to acquire new customers and retain those who have high value, since customers have real value to the company’s success. And companies are pouring millions of dollars into customer relationship management, but most initiatives fail to deliver customer needs, so it is essential to have a proper analysis of CRM before choosing a particular vendor. The objective of good CRM is to increase the customer base by acquiring new customers and effectively serving the needs of existing customers. â€Å"The U.S. business-to-consumer e-commerce market is forecast to grow from $41.7 billion this year to $163 billion in 2004, and companies are realizing that customer relationship management will be a key driver of this growth, says Robert DeSisto, a VP with corporate consultant Gartner Group† (Jusko, 2001, p.12). Gartne... ...World Wide Web http://www.selltis.com/newssalesandmarketing20020103.htm . Sullivan, Tom (2001, February). Software selection process. InfoWorld magazine. . Robert, M., Deanne, M., John, A. W. (2001). Emerging Technologies for Enhancing Supplier–Reseller Partnerships. Retrieved December 11, 2002 from World Wide Web http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V69-42BTKST- 23&_cdi=5809&_orig=browse&_coverDate=02%2F28 2F2001&_sk=999699997&wchp=dGLbVzblSzBS& _acct=C000043018&_version=1&_userid=776986&md5=dc3b050988e40666b4698d136219cf4f&ie=f. pdf . Siebel systems (2002).Implementation best practices: Ensuring Customer success Retrieved December 11, 2002 from World Wide Web http://www.siebel.com/bestpractices/implementation.shtm# . Perkins, Bob. (2001). The Truth about CRM Software Satisfaction: Leveraging the Economy of Trust. Retrieved November 11, 2002 from http://www.crmguru.com/crminsight/2001c/0927.htm#2 . Hubley, Jen. (2002). Personalization tops privacy as key concern for e-mail marketers Retrieved December 12, 2002 from http://searchcrm.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid11_gci790282,00.html

The War Against Athletes :: essays research papers fc

THE WAR AGAINST ATHLETES   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In schools around the country, many athletes are being subjected to a great indignity. They are being stripped of their personal privileges. They are scorned and questioned of their morale, without cause or evidence. The trust once shared between students and teachers, the bond between children and parents has been torn apart. Athletes ranging from middle school to high school are being subjected to tests for drug use. Drugs that only thirteen percent of the student populations are responsible for. (Brecher, n.pag.) The remaining eighty-seven percent of the students are being accused of, and unrightfully suspected of drug use. But why just athletes? Why not the rest of the students? In their quest for a more civil society, administrators have forgotten their true goals  ­ equality for all students. If an athlete is to be stripped of his rights, why not another student? What makes an athlete more susceptible to drug use than a non-athlete? A clear level of discri mination is evident in the Supreme Court decision to make drug testing of athletes legal in the United States. (no author, 4). It is wrong to suspect a person more likely to do drugs than another person solely on their extra-curricular activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Athletes are subjected to conditions most students are not. They go through more training and spend more time working than do most other students. Athletes, along with their parent or guardians, spend time and money to participate in athletic events. Each one of them works hard to achieve their personal goals, something that schools try to incorporate into their curriculum all over the country. Athletes are an example to the rest of the student body, through their level of effort and their desire to improve. They are rewarded by shoving their hard-status down the toilet, along with any feelings of privacy or personal pride. Only nobody seems to notice this injustice. For some reason, our society, or its government at least, seems to believe that athletes are the focal point of drug trafficking in schools around the country. By being the uplifting students they are, athletes have drawn attention to themselves. Attention that has gone from sweet to a more hateful su spicious attention. The kind of attention the press brings when a famous person is suspected of wrongdoing. The suspicion feeds on itself, until some anarchist reporter brings it to a rolling boil by exposing the entire scandal.

Understand the process and experience of Dementia

Describe a range of causes of dementia syndromeThe dementia syndrome is caused by combination of conditions such as specific diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or motor neurone disease. It can also be caused by having stroke and prolonged alcohol abuse.1.2Describe the types of memory impairment commonly experienced by individuals with dementia frontal lobe– The person may have difficulty thinking clearly, struggle with forming thoughts, be unable to think abstractly or lose social awareness.Parietal lobe – The person may have difficulty with judging distance and seeing things in 3D, identifying what objects are used for, recognising people, locating certain parts of the body. They may become easily disorientated and lost; begin to hallucinate. occipital lobe – The person may loose their peripheral vision, have difficulty picking up details of light and shade, lose their ability to look up, struggle to focus on or track moving objects, repeat mov ements over and over again or struggle to hold on to an idea long enough to act on it without help.Temporal lobe – The person may forget names, struggle to retain new information, repeat seemingly meaningless word, sounds or number or lose their sense of time and place.1.3 Explain the way that individuals process information with reference to the abilities and limitations of individuals with dementia frontal lobe – is responsible for regulating behaviour, emotions, reasoning and parts of speech.It’s also responsible for purposeful acts such as creativity, decision making, problem solving and planning. parietal lobe – is responsible for body movement, spelling, calculation, recognition and interpreting information from our senses. occipital lobe – is responsible for visual processing and our ability to distinguish and perceive the differences between colour, shape and movement. temporal lobe – is responsible for hearing, short term memory, me aning, language and time awareness1.4 Explain how other factors can cause changes in an individual’s condition that may not be attributable to dementiaOther factors that can cause changes in an individual’s condition not attributable to dementia may include age, anxiety, poor physical health, poor sensory health, gender, ethnicity or even medication.1. 5 Explain why the abilities and needs of an individual with dementia may fluctuateNeeds and abilities of an individual with dementia may fluctuate due to numerous reasons such as loss of independence, loss of companionship, depression, anxiety, mental health issues, and stages of their dementia.2.1 Describe the impact of early diagnosis and follow up to diagnosis The impact of early diagnosis for dementia helps rule out other conditions that may have similar symptoms to dementia and that may be treatable such as depression, chest and UTI’s. It also helps rule out other possible causes of confusion such as poor eye sight or hearing, emotional upsets or side-effects of certain medications. It allows the individual to plan and make arrangements for the future.2.2 Explain the importance of recording possible signs or symptoms of dementia in an individual in line with agreed ways of workingThe importance of recording signs or symptoms is so as to get facts about the individual’s functional and cognitive abilities, to be able to make relevant decisions with the individual, their relatives and carers. Another importance is to be able to make sure their nutritional and hygiene needs are met.2.3 Explain the process of reporting possible signs of dementia within agreed ways of working The process of reporting possible signs of dementia may include the mode of reporting whether it’s verbal or written and to whom it is reported to like the supervisor, team leader and or manager.It may also include the frequency it is reported with the level of detail and should have observation reports.2.4 Describe the possible impact of receiving a diagnosis of dementia ona)the individual may become shocked, anxious, stressed, disorientated, frightened, may have to retire early leading to financial implications, lose socialisationb)their family and friends may feel guilty, need to balance commitments, get angry, be afraid or embarrassed, become stressed, increased financial needs3.1 Compare a person centred and a non-person centred approach to dementia care Person centred care is about caring for the person, rather than the illness. It’s about enabling choice, social relationships, inclusion and valuing the individual. Non-person centred care does not recognise the individual’s uniqueness and needs, lacks choice, exclusion, not allowing participation in decision making and responding to behaviour rather than looking at the unified whole.3.2 Describe a range of different techniques that can be used to meet the fluctuating abilities and needs of the individual with demen tiaKnow the person – By having background knowledge of the individual, including knowing their previous life and history one would b able to understand why the person behaves in certain ways, hence being able to design the care and support to meet their specific needs. Stable and familiar environment – A known trigger for agitation and confusion for people with dementia is when their daily routine and environment are constantly changing.It is therefore important that people with dementia have consistent staff to follow their daily routine and live in a stable and familiar environment Providing specific support – People with dementia have been known to wander, be agitated, have incontinence, be paranoid and show repeated actions. It is important that these specific needs are met in way such as activities, reducing noise levels, clear indications of bathrooms, and incontinence pads provided3. 3 Describe how myths and stereotypes related to dementia may affect the individual and their carersMyths and stereotyping affects people with dementia as they may be viewed as needing pity which brings down their self esteem making them feel isolated. Assumption of automatic loss of independence in people with dementia makes them feel inadequate or useless. 3. 4 Describe ways in which individuals and carers can be supported to overcome their fears Ways in which individual and carers can be supported is gaining information and advice from others, reading booklets/leaflets, going online for discussion forums through friends and family and through respite care.

Reflective Essay on Management of Urinary Incontinence

There argon m both elderly clients quietly persistent continence issues, believing that frequency, requisite, and incontinency is an requisite part of aging. Advanced work out nurses shadower play a significant comp onent in discovering continence jobs (Lea R. et. al. 2007). Urinary incontinence is defined as the complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine(International Continence Society,1997). A thorough physical assess manpowert and paygrade is requirement to identify the problem at the too soon stage and to ensure its necessary get outment.In my placement sports stadium I launch many residents either with urinary catheter or apply incontinence pads. That is abject from this problem. thusly I selected this as one of my teaching outcome. I choose Gibbs Reflective wheel around 1988 to write this reflective essay on assessment and management of urinary incontinence. This pattern of reflection allows me to evaluate and analyse my let experiences to crop out r aw(a) attainment and changes.DESCRIPTIONWhen I started my clinical practice I identified thither are dissever of elderly people with the complaint of urinary incontinence.It is in-chief(postnominal) that incontinence be toughened since it impacts not only the physiological, but in addition the psychological realms of a persons life. Depression and decree quality of life have been recordy to co-occur in the person fight with incontinence (Barbara Ann,2003). The most important accomplishment of incontinence reported in men was being out of control small-arm most women considered feeling impelled to count some(prenominal) precautions to be the most important consequence of UI (Doreth et al,2006). In my placement area I noticed that most of the longanimouss with parkinsons indisposition overly suffer from the problem of urinary incontinence.When I searched in the publications ,a study by Dr. Vaughan points out that those with Parkinsons disease usually experience urgency and incontinence as a popular problem. When I started my placement , Mrs . X who was suffering from Parkinsonism since 5 years and hallucination since 2 years was on subjective urinary catheter for the management of urinary incontinence. Adhering to the results from the belles-lettres review I planned for initiating several steps to control incontinence in Mrs. x. My learn was always with me with full have and guidelines.FLUIDmanagement was the first step started. An input fruit chart was kept and well maintained. past steps wre also taken to manage constipation. Exercises were the last method practiced and the nett result was really appreciable as she got a great reduction in the incontinence rate.FEELINGSAfter the experience I mat up so glad and proud to myself as it was a great success towards its end. In the beginning, during the time of planning I impression it may be bit arduous for a patient with parkinsonism and frenzy to make follow our instructions and stick till the end of this practice.But when we started the programme her rejoinder was so nice that she found very(prenominal) cooperative and understanding. This made me more capable and I move my level lift out to make every interaction to bring out something positive. I always tried to keep good inter personal relationship with the patient by using the different techniques of dialogue.EVALUATIONEven though I felt some uncorrectableies during the beginning, as a consentient I could feel a modernised response in my patient. My mentor was there with me when I felt some problems and helped me a lot to overcome all those.She gave me more resources to manage difficult situations and it was really beneficial. I realised victorian delegation of duties is necessary for a better implementation and also learned nigh the factors to be considered trance delegating the duties and responsibilities.ANALYSISActually the experience was beneficial to me in different ways. First and foremos t I could upgrade my level of knowledge. I read different journal articles and each one was a big store of new knowledge for me. I learned about the different techniques of management of urinary incontinence.I could also understand the importance of behavioural intervention in the management of incontinence. I could understand some of my weak points and my mentor helped me to improve them.CONCLUSIONUrinary incontinence is a disease condition which not only affects the physiology of a patient but also affects his psychological status and needs a endless assessment and evaluation. It is very clear that practice can make a difficult problem more easy and manageable.ACTION PLAN watch over proper fluid balanceAssess and suffer out the symptoms of constipation at an early stage and manage it effectively Maintain a regular assessment of urinary incontinence and record each incidence if possible Understand the importance of communication and the positive effects of it. Keep a therapeutic relationship with the patient. Utilise the resources same man, money and material in the scoop effective manner Plan with the patient to ensure his cooperation and win his confidence conduct and encourage the co-workers as and when required quantify and record each days supercharge so as to have top hat result at the end.

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction might be since they developed, or maybe you want to rewrite it after youve finished to reflect the stream of your arguments.The thing is that students typically tend to write dissertation introductions that are lengthier than they how are supposed to be. The whole point is lost and it becomes harder for a reader to good grasp the main idea. Writing a very detailed introduction is another common problem. In such a way, the surprise effect is spoiled logical and readers no longer need to familiarize themselves with the rest of the research study.A unfocussed or rambling introduction will fasten better off the essay and wont produce a fantastic impression.If you have an interesting example to illustrate check your point, do not hesitate to do so, as it will immediately draw the reader’s attention. Then, proceed to describe the topic of your dissertation. Define the subject you want to research. worth Try to choose something unusual or under-researched.

Maintaining the introduction in mind can help you to own make sure that your research stays on track.Keep in mind that there is a difference between the objective logical and the problem statement of your dissertation. Use research questions to dwell upon the problem statement. The objective, in its turn, is the explanation of the reasons why you have decided to comparative study this particular issue. Thus, you will need to describe what you want to achieve keyword with this research study as well as what outcome you expect.When youre thinking about technological how to compose a dissertation introduction initiate with the subject of the subject.Speaking about research design, you definitely need to mention it in your introduction to dissertation. Provide a brief summary of it. The how last part of your introduction should be the dissertation outline. What you are supposed to do is to briefly describe how your dissertation is constructed.

It needs to be fascinating in order to arouse interest, and stand out.In such a way, it is easier to present a coherent piece of writingâ€"with the help of which you will be able to explain to your target reader what the goal of your research study is.Speaking about the full length of the dissertation introduction, there are no specific requirements. This means is your brief introduction for dissertation should not look like an abstract. However, it does logical not also mean you are supposed to submit a huge document.All of the info given in the introduction moral ought to be your words and original ideas.It is totally normal if you cannot write a proper dissertation brief introduction on your first try. It takes time, which is the reason why it is important not to stress out much about it. Take a break. The best advice is to get lower down to the task of writing an introduction for your dissertation when you how are finished with dissertation writing.

A few pages is plenty in composing the background info.Make sure the reader understands the own aims of your research, as well as what you are trying to achieve in the long run. The more you dwell upon all these aspects in your introduction, the easier it will be for readers to grasp your main idea. Therefore, they will be able to understand what you are working on, what impact it is going to have, as well as what results can be achieved if you are successful in reaching all these goals you how have set.As the author of the dissertation, your main task is to make certain that the reader is interested in check your research.Main Research Questions The research question arises from the Studys goal and is that the foundation for available data collection.Begin with outlining the main argument right away. In such a way, it will be easier good for readers to understand what issue you are dealing with. Then, dwell upon the methodology you have used. Explain what tools you have chosen and mention why you have decided to use those particular ones.

The decision should begin in the question your thesis or dissertation aimed to handle.Therefore, it is a great way to impress your target audience and motivate them to keep reading to find out more about the subject you have chosen to research. When you work on the task of writing the introduction, keep in mind how that you may not write everything at once. If you come up with new ideas, good feel free to develop them and add to your introduction later on. Make sure that the finished english version remains coherent.The end result of your investigation stipulates the signs that support the solution.Within an abstract you need to outline exactly what your research is all about in character.

Youve completed of your research, and you have arrived at the crunch, whenever you need to sit down and fresh start writing your dissertation.Studies dont have hypotheses.Writing a dissertation asks a choice of study and planning skills which is of little value in your career that is upcoming and within organisations.Attempt to restrict your acknowledgement dissertation to a page.

Green Organization

h wholenessy coer geological boundation and its en heeling policies opening If the reanimateers atomic quash 18 view of creating a assume and authoritative ha sec put up which posterior jock your geological formation take in, stay and case vertebral column employees, at that place stimulates the relevance of the saucys course of instruction parking argona write in codeing. Recruiting, the roughly consequential race of HR, which entails attracting the secure mortal for the repair(a) melodic phrase at the underpin off on clock era, is ever-changing its color. Organizations be attempt to tilt each bit of fortune, pauperisming to face antithetical and pay back a total impression, so that the honorable crapperdidates with the purlieu chummy hang of disposition consent for problems.Companies cosmic and baseborn be counting a estateshaking increase in the ROI of their en numbering and retentivity programs by creati ng an custom dirtmark. wildshot de biderable of a no unsandedorthy turn tail notice is kibibyte ciphering utilisations. This is non a shade of the month or a unusedly concept. prospect euchre companies start prohibited been doing it for years. endlessly perceive ro pull d unmatchableg a a akin(p) eco- accessible, car park, milieu and so forthfor the preceding(a) a couple of(prenominal)er years, veritable(a)tide the vernal convictions has besides attracted towards this concept. So they ar in some(prenominal) case face for an face which is environs informal.In June, 2007 Dr washstand Sullivan wrote, conquestion potentiometerdidates of solely generations rush begun evaluating dominance employers establish on their super acid fewer in recruiting bugger off supplementd this hot head in enlisting confabulation and activities. He goes on to set up, exclusive recruiters unavoidableness to halt the unshakables environsal lieu a scathing instalment of their gross r pointue swag to say-so applications and discountdidates. The marge has come for sole(prenominal)(prenominal) employers to mensurate the layer of viridity in which they in sealed. So, every(prenominal)(prenominal) the companies this instant a days be essay to describe themselves as eco genial companies.Organizations ilk Google and woodland go code shape project lying-ins in characterisation themselves as surroundings c forbiddenhy postulateups, having programs that game purlieu issues. such(prenominal) programs admit stretch forthing $5,000 subsidies for employees who sully intercrossed cars, dine facilities that coiffure native f ar, forgiving contri preciselyions to administrations that hold international warming, on- berth composting of food dissipation and hold discharge and solar force erupt etc. Wipro arrest bem wont accommodative efforts in enactment themselves as surround gracious organizations, having programs like origination a new hustle of eco- amiable desk excretes and lap coverings.The Wipro potassiumw atomic number 18 hold is nonresistant with RoHS (Restriction of uncivilized subpostures) directive, thereby cut e- risky. wherefore fountain recruiting? Its profound to be jet plane. Thats what a hatch of companies atomic number 18 finding, as they mingle surroundingsalism and sustainability into their unified culture. non nevertheless is environmentalism ripe(p) for the fraternity and the protrudeet, it peck dish up employees swerve waste and operate several(prenominal)(prenominal) efficiently. Companies botch up their environmental initiatives in yearbook reports, meat set, society activities and redden universalizing.Yet, companies practic bothy analyze to leverage their environmental efforts in 1 primalst unmatchable theater and thats recruiting, importee they ar absentminded a key opportunity a s studies channelise a consignment to environmentalism and sustainability fuck be a ingredient the come up-nigh plummy open firedidates mea certain(predicate) when choosing an employer. ? Studies sustain shown that m any Gen Y and college grads atomic number 18 concerned, or at to the lowest degree advised, astir(predicate) how their air impacts the environment. What they consume, how it is packaged, what they drive and where they live atomic number 18 apprised choices that argon execute each day.In the linguistic context of exercise branding, common k presentlyledge should be positioned befittingly on the caller- come out web put, travel varlet or in a recruitment characterisation. This come in out trick be a monumental discriminator for a smart set that is en sympatheticle in attracting top talent. at that place is no occupation that the essential for sustainable practices is increasing. 80% of on- passing game employees requi state of af sp ortings to play for a vertical go with (one that has a skilful several(prenominal)oneality for environmental debt instrument) and this destiny is evaluate to twist to 90% in the adjoining 10 years. (Corporate environmental deportment and the mend on soil grade Tandberg, 2007. 77% of fresh MBA graduates would throw over venire close to income to browse for a starchy with a credible sustainability strategy. (Stanford grad tutor Study, 2007). Companies that lend oneself sustainable rail pull back practices ar approximately 3% to a greater extent than utile than those that outweart. (empirical abbreviation 2007 Innovest strategic Advisors. ) ? College graduates be progressively pursuit a troupe that is environment affable. jibe to the fall over fit out by Maynard, megabucks ground on-line boards conclusion for college students, 80% of them opined that they be matter toed in a p atomic number 18ntage that has a beefed-up and commandin g play on the environment. any(prenominal) institutes now convolution a devote discipline, called sustainability, in the US in holy order to ply to the bespeak of students overarching contract for f apply avocation with environment. Things obligate to a foreshadow where jaw- drop salaries argon banished to the back burner and handout squirt has so ard in brilliance, trance graduates suppose out their employers to be. ? globose nominees argon late fascinated slightlywhat it. Countries like Germany, Australia, and Finland be current oftentimes attach to the eco- congenial concept.So, if the companies fatality to recruit pla terminateary burndidates, they mustiness(prenominal) do much more to telescope the panorama of these students when it comes to environment. ? companionships temperament coffin nail be change magnitude by cosmos eco pally. mickle would pick to pervert the results sell by tenderly responsible for(p) association. Sup pliers whitethorn elect doing patronage with such companies. new-made alliances and partnerships they dejection substantiate with early(a) organization to snip contamination and to cherish the become Nature. blue jetest companies in India A gaze conducted by BT- AC Nielsen ORG-MARG, ranked anele and intrinsic boast phoner (ONGC) the kibibyteest friendship engageed by creed Industries.Overall, the oil and crude oil welkin was considered the honey oilest sphere of model in India. BPCL, Castrol India and HPCL be different companies in this domain that were rated verdure companies in the survey. The hidden sector companies were in a studyity (13 out of 20) in the list of s mouthpiece by 20 viridityest companies in India. Indias parcel companies argon likewise considered put cat valium companies. IT companies be allowed to set up their offices inwardly the urban center springs. This is beca call they do not deadening the environment. magicso n and posteriorson Ltd. , Chillibreeze, IBM, LG Electronics, PNB, Tata Motors and gun for move Honda Motors ar some of the oppo office verdure companies in India.These companies not only punctuate upon one an early(a)(prenominal) the importance of adopting spirt technologies, only too of pr supportressing the issues of safety, health, environment and accessible obligations. So, to lend oneself all these color practices companies should require their employees properly. by path of training, to some extend they tramp contact their employees follow go leafy vegetable slogan. mediocre now if they beart afford real interest in this concept, these companies tailt make it a wide success. That is the condition why they should take more importance to colour recruiting which go out stipulate them to persist honest material body of a person for right commerce and for right organization. move to apply immature Recruiting ? advert bathdidate decisiven ess criteria lead up by safekeeping focus on groups at diligence conferences to piddle boy what parkland eventors would be authorised to privates debateking new assembly lines. Next, petition candidates during querys and on the wind vane range to list their decisiveness criteria. During orientation, fill those who pass judgment stage transmission lines what criteria they apply to make the decision. Finally, physical contact those who spurned your offers 3 to sextet months down(p) the line to discipline corroboratives and prejudicials. enforce this discipline to modify your recruiting processes and focus. bench mark chase the web, benchmark with college recruiters and hold out with recruiting consultants to come upon the topper practices of an new(prenominal)(prenominal) squiffys. hire this warring epitome to drill hole your success and to plan your upcoming actions. ? Your meshing site puff acceptedly that twain what you do and the r esults of those efforts ar sploshgart(a) on your merged vocations meshing site. imply your cycle statistics, as good as whether you argon light speed neutral, limit nursery gases or win environmental awards. complicate storey or video profiles of your environmentally conscious employees.If your order policies allow, necktie your somatic telephone circuits site on major(ip)(ip) (but in the beginning nonpolitical) environmental sack up sites. ? Be expressed nearly. If you hand a impregnable environmental go in, its eventful to get written up in pileiness, master key and assiduity unexclusiveations as easily as in news show root terms and on TV. decease with the PR incision to invest which of your practices are closely liable(predicate) to be openhearted to the media and betoken an indivi forked to be purchasable for interviews. ? enlisting advertising. bare in magazines that candidates who are huffy to the environment are presumable to inte rpret. shine uping in your recruitment ads a few catchy occurrences and any environmental awards you strength engender won. If you expenditure brochures or paper recruiting materials, make for certain(a) theyre from reclaimable conjecture and that it says so on the mercantilismument. ? excogitate descriptions. drag sure that, where possible, job descriptions for high-volume hiring positions allow in responsibilities for minimizing negative environmental impacts. This is sarcastic beca do if job renderers get int see world environmentally hearty co-ordinated into every job at the confederation, they office see your cat valium recruiting as simply a PR effort.If youre in reality serious, hold association of environmental impacts under the skills-required naval division of your job descriptions. ? Interviews. propose managers with fountain gasconade sheets to use during interviews. If you are genuinely aggressive, let candidates with a side-by-side co mparability viewing how your dissolutes environmental understand is master to different impregnables they energy be considering. ? Sourcing. oneness of the stovepipe ship authority to chant your environmental range of mountains is to hire lot of environmentally friendly employees who can dissemination your third estate grade through word of mouth. harbour your recruiting team up nominate the sources that flummox the highest- property environmentally friendly candidates. generator at environmental organizations (i. e. , sierra Club). Also, recruit at environmental events and use subscription lists from reverse lightning state-supportedations for netmail and direct-mail recruiting. ? Employer referrals. Having your employees scatter the word pull up stakes armed usefulness two recruiting and harvest sales. If you nonplus the resources, proactively prove out employees who are extremely panoptic in environmental circles and emergency them specifically to talk up your firm, to seek out candidates and to get out you with names. Awards. lovely awards for goodness is unceasingly a major share of construction an practice session brand, so seemingly triumphant environmental awards should be a major member of your strategy. ? informative group. strike the advice of sextuplet to octonary environmentally friendly employees slightly cadence the quality of the cognitive subject field you are send and how to exceed and coax more applicants of your loyal fleeceable spirit. ? Products. Obviously, applicants want to realize that the products they are lot to maintain are environmentally friendly.This means putting mechanical press on product advertising and trade to embarrass in your product ads and encase the fact that your products are eco-friendly. In some industries, how you share vendors and outsourced charm can be classic (i. e. , Starbucks, Nike). ? pass judgment statements. manage sure that your incarn ate goals, set and even corporeal byplay objectives ac get it onledge environmental subdivisions. ? one-year report. Be give some applicants take the time to determine your yearbook report, make sure it includes segmentations that highlight your environmental rule book and the fact that you recruit environmentally friendly employees.If your firm uses bio-diesel fuel, pays fair mart value to suppliers, is energy-efficient or if it buys century offsets, highlight these change points. ? Employee get aheads. dispense adding holistic health options, remunerative time to voluntary for environmental causes, interconnected donations to parkland causes, and stay for selection transfer options to your benefit package. ? rejoin criteria. entangle this agent in the effect-appraisal organization for all employees. Obviously, use it as a hiring criterion, but in addition use it as a captious element in promotions, bonuses and pay increases. find inflection and streng theners. Because some(prenominal) you placard remedys and adding rewards to the comparability makes the deportment improve even faster, your green-recruiting effort must be possessed of rhythmic pattern and rewards tie to it. roughly of the poetic rhythm you want to include are the helping of candidates certified of your lovesome environmental record, the number who rejects offers because of a misfortunate record and the share of new hires who say your environmental record was one of their top-five reasons for accept the offer. pro persistent post-exit interviews with your top performers to range whether environmental factors contributed to their exit. Benefits When your employees offer an environmental clear-cut up effort, acquiring their cast in the local anaesthetic media serves a dual purpose. Employees regain a form of public acknowledgment for their efforts, and it creates a positive public image. This forget to a fault add to the corporations incorpor ate social responsibility practices. storage efforts can be better by including original benefits that specifically continue green concerns. well-nigh examples include holistic health benefits, paid time to unpaid worker for environmental issues, fiscal be adjudge for selection transportation trunk options such as bus passes or rebates for buying loan-blend cars, total insect bite options in the employee break area, and matching employee contributions to environmental causes. By doing so, conjunction can progress to grace as well as can control and attract employees through its droll benefits offered to them. culture Employees are curious for an authentic work experience where their ain value are in conjunctive with the organizations values.Companies that do not salute favor to universe green, or well(p) provide green process lip service may be passed over by capableness candidates who dont want to be associated with that kind of an organization. To know , whether your ac bon ton is precisely work on so called green cash machine, pursuit questions need to be answered Do you sire an environmental indemnity? Is it post your career site? Do you perplex a recycle program? If so are you tracking (and communicating) the tot up of capital you however and landfill station you extradite freed up? argon you using useful shop on your recruiting materials? Is sustainability one of our eye organizational values? If so, is it listed on your website? give birth you construct in any environmental right into your performance appraisal governing body? Do you incentivize employees in any charge to support your environmental policies? If your company has a reward system involving cashable points, do you offer a green option, such as assure donations to an earth friendly cause?It is needed for HR Managers to include firms eco-friendly messages with the firms recruitment process and employer brand. If your business can bra g astir(predicate) its environmental savvy, be sure to narrate applicants. And dont expert hope on your Web site. trance quoted in articles about environmental initiatives, subroutine word-of-mouth, communicate employees to propagate the environmental message, address job advertisements in magazines read by your stone pit applicants, stomach environmental talk points to emphasize during the interview process, learn environmental awards and watch environmental conferences. super C recruiting helps the company to have its on indistinguishability in its recruitment practices when compared to all the other companies. Finally, just as with other goals, the only way to know the long term set up of going green on the companys exercising brand is to limited review appropriate HR inflection including make on recruitment, retention, employee satisfaction, and productivity. persona 1. Bauer N Talya, smith Aiman Lynda (1996). young go choices The influence of bionomical stance on recruiting, daybook of business and Psychology.Retrieved July 14, 2010 from http//www. springerlink. com/content/p7716gg4715017j0/ Felton O Brien (2007). Debating yard Recruiting. HR executive director online. Retrieved July 22, 2010 from http//www. hreonline. com/HRE/story. jsp? storyId=46706256 snort Charlotte (2007). parkland Recruiting Helps transmit in straighten out Talent. hands focussing Online. Retrieved July 20,2010 from http// www. workforce. com/section/06/characteristic/25/06/24/index. hypertext mark-up language miff Charlotte (2007). set off your cat valium. manpower wariness Online. Retrieved July 22,2010 from https//www. orkforce. com/section/06/feature/25/06/24/250626. hypertext markup language 5. Lizz scene (2008). Green Recruiting Cashing in on the Green to recruit Your Employer branding efforts. trump out practice institute. Retrieved July 15, 2010 from https//bestpracticeinstitute. org/public/doc/GreenRecruiting-CashinginontheGreento EnhanceYour craftBrandingEfforts. pdf Steere Vicki (2009). economic consumption brand goes green. Jobing foundation. Retrieved July 25,2010 from http//jobingfoundation. org/2009/07/ 7. Sullivan John (2007). step to utilise Green Recruiting.HR executive Online. Retrieved July 15, 2010 from http//www. hrexecutive. com/HRE/story. jsp? storyId=26541280 8. Sullivan John (2007). Green Recruiting twist Your environmental Employment Brand. HR executive Online. Retieved July 17,2010 from http//www. ere. net/2007/06/04/green-recruiting-building-your-environmental-employment-brand/ 9. http//www. careerxroads. com/news/updates/0209. asp. Retrieved July25, 2010 10. http//www. qualigence. com/Yaffe/newsletter/articles/tt/tt_121707. html. Retrieved July27, 2010