The Insecticidal Potential of Chili Pepper Leaf Extract...

The Insecticidal Potential of Chili Pepper Leaf Extract Against Termites Abstract. The goal of this research is to determine the insecticidal effects of chili pepper leaf extract on termites. Chili pepper leaves were collected then air-dried and oven-dried until brittle. The leaves were then pulverized and milled using the Willey mill. After this, the powdered leaves were boiled in water and filtered. After the preparation of the extract, termites were gathered in two containers. One of the containers was sprayed with the extract. The other container served as the control. The setup was checked every hour for five succeeding hours. Result showed that the extract had no apparent effect on termites. INTRODUCTION The chili pepper, or suing†¦show more content†¦DDT is no longer sold in the United States. Sometimes insects become resistant to an insecticide. That is, the insecticides no longer kill them. Resistance can be avoided by careful use of insecticides. This means controlling the amount and the kinds that are used. It also means spraying limited areas or spraying only certain plants in an area. Insecticides used in the home may pose harm to people if their fumes are inhaled or if there occurs skin contact. Some contain poisons that affect people and pests. These should not be used if young children or pets are likely to touch or chew on the objects with the insecticides. It is extremely important to read and follow the directions or warnings that come with any insecticide. It is also important for anyone who uses an insecticide to understand its purpose and properties. THE PEPPER FAMILY The garden vegetables pepper, Capsicum annuurn, of the Solanaceae, or nightshade family, is grown throughout the world and produces not only the green, bell-shaped, sweet peppers that are common garden varieties, but also the hot peppers used for such spices as paprika, chili, and cayenne. Most cultivated peppers belong to one of two major groups. The Grossum group yields the globose, mild-flavored sweet-peppers and the pimiento, or Spanish pepper. The Longgum group produces the hot chili and cayenne peppers, several hundred varieties of which are cultivated in wanner regions. Longum peppers are characterized by their

Mgt312 Mgt 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager †All...

MGT312 MGT 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager – All Assignments Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/mgt-312-new/mgt312-mgt-312-organizational-behavior-for-manager-all-assignments/ Or Visit www.hwcampus.com MGT 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager – All Assignments MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper MGT 312 WEEK 2 Personality Impact Paper MGT 312 WEEK 2 Learning Team Four Functions of Management Paper MGT 312 WEEK 3 Sodexo and Principle Financial Group Case Study MGT 312 WEEK 4 Individual Assignment Effective Strategies Paper MGT 312 WEEK 5 Leveraging Organizational Behavior and Management to Maximize Business Success Presentation MGT312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Write a†¦show more content†¦Your assigned topic is Leveraging Organizational Behavior and Management to Maximize Business Success. Create a 15- to 20-slide Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® presentation in which you address the following: Explain the contemporary theories and styles of leadership. Describe the leadership style demonstrated within your chosen organization. Explain the differences between management and leadership, and explain how cultivating leadership skills in managers can benefit the organization. Organizational culture Describe how managers, when applying leadership principles, can contribute to a healthy organizational culture. Cite specific examples from your selected organization. Describe the influence of power and politics within your selected organization. Describe the types of power in your organization Explain who in the chosen department holds the real power and why. Conflict management Describe an example of conflict that occurred within the selected organization. Explain the strategies that were used to manage that conflict situation, including their level of effectiveness. Determine other strategies that you would recommend to manage that conflict example. Support your presentation with the concepts discussed in class and in the text, and your personal experiences. Include the speaker notes to explain the key points in your presentation. Include

Indian Culture in Relation to Handicapped People

Question: Discuss about theIndian Culture in Relation to Handicapped People. Answer: Introduction In definition, disabled people refers to people who are restricted in potential to function mentally, physically and socially (Thomas Woods, 2003). In respect to the complication different categories have been formulated including sensory impairment, physical impairment, mental impairment, intellectual impairment, cognitive impairment and any other chronic disease leading to malfunctioning of the body. Different cultures have different theories explaining the cause of these disabilities (Goodley, Hughes, Davis, 2012). Depending on the theory attached to the cause of any of the impairers mentioned above, victims have been exposed to a different treatment which has affected their social, economic and spiritual life. Continuous research on the truth based on the theories has eroded some of the theories opening chances for the disabled to participate in different social, economic and spiritual activities. Additionally, technology has positively impacted the lives of the disabled by ena bling them to perform a different task like any other parson. Eradication of some of the cultural virtual that undermined the handicapped has shaped the lives of the disabled people and motivated them to fit in the society. Alternatively, different potential identified in different people having various disabilities has motivated an individual, organisation, and the government to fight for their right an act which has paved the way for the handicapped to participate in different social, economic, political and spiritual activities. In this paper, I will critically analyse how handicapped were treated based on Indian culture, how such treatment affected their social life and how finally discuss some of the possible ways to improve resources of treating the handicapped. Indian Culture in Relation to Handicapped People Handicapped people in Indian culture was viewed as a curse or misfortune (Marini, Glover-Graf, Millington, 2012). Individuals with different disabilities were secluded from other members of the society to maintain the purity of the land. In case a member of the society mingled with the handicapped that individual was declared as unclean and a special ceremony was conducted to cleanse that individual. Discrimination translates to mental and psychological torture and the affected individual could not realize their potential. Additionally, discrimination lowered the victim's esteem making them live a stressful life. Prolonged stress is termed as depression, and it contributes a lot to the development of mental illness. Complication resulting from discrimination were viewed as a further punishment from the ancestors. According to Wiener and Willborn (2011), the handicapped were viewed as a burden to the community. Culturally the handicapped were not allowed to participate in community activity thus viewed as a liability to the community. They enjoyed limited rights compared to other people since they were not contributing the development of the community. Blocking them from participating in community activities made them remain dormant and being criticized by the people. Indian culture discriminated families with handicapped people (Misra, 2009). To avoid such discrimination children identified to have some disabilities at their early stages were killed. Culturally the death of such people was highly celebrated since the people associated it with deliverance from any misfortune that the community could encounter. The handicapped had no right to enjoy education. As other children enjoy education, the disabled were left indoor to avoid exposing the weakness of the family. Enclosing the disabled restricted them from socializing with other age mates. It is during the interaction process children realize their abilities and start implementing them. Additionally denying the handicapped children the right to education made them leave in darkness and remain to be liabilities in the community (Priestley, 2001). It is through education and interaction one realized his/her rights to food, clothes, and shelter. Education enlightens an individual and shapes that individuals ability (Gabel, 2005). Culturally being denied their right to education made their ability remain unrevealed and not useful to the society. Culturally Indians handicapped people were not allowed to marry (Bolt, 2014). Marriage was only for the people who were complete as the culture viewed the disabled to be incomplete. Marriage is a rite of passage which enhances the social aspect of a being. Denied the right to married made the handicapped feel detached from their community. Being handicapped does not mean one is infertile and being denied the right to marry subjected the disabled to physical and psychological torture. Marriage enhances continuity of a family and denying the disabled the right to marry indicated that the hierarchy of that individual is cut. Based on Indian culture women were undermined. They were categorized in the same class with the children, and they were not given a chance to participate in economic, religious activities (Schultz, 2001). Considering this fact and relating the female disabled with the male handicapped it is clear that female handicapped were highly ignored and mistreated. Minor disabilities in man were justified while in female the minute one were magnified. Men being viewed as the inheritors and flag bearer of the family they sometimes deviated from harsh treatment the female handicapped experiencing. Indian males were the law formulators and enforcers, and it was against the cultural ethics to oppose the law formulated. Any women who rose to oppose the direction given by the elders was highly punished. Men being the law formulators and enforcers formulated laws which strongly affected the female disabled. Male handicapped enjoyed some freedom which made them prove their ability and fit in the society. Using the achievement of the male handicapped the elders justified the issue and considered female handicapped as curse or misfortune in the community. Increasing Resources to Treat Handicapped Designing Facilities which can Accommodate the Disabled During construction of building the structure should be designed in a way that the disabled can comfortably use the structure (Mann, 2008). The introduction of lift in building and rammers has played a key role in ensuring that the disabled are comfortably using different services offered within the structure. Designing such structures bridges the gap that has existed and enables handicapped exploit their abilities. Increased Equipped Learning Institution for Handicapped The disabled require special learning system which sometimes is expensive and scarce to locate. Increasing the institution creates a conducive environment for the interested disabled people to learn and discover their potential (Reynolds Fletcher-Janzen, 2007). Lack of equipment to aid the disabled perform different task in their respective learning institution has proved to be one of the factors that contribute dropping out of their school before completing their course. Research conducted by Woolcock (2010) indicate that in every 1000 disabled people in India only 15 to 35 complete their courses. Disabled people who complete their courses have proved to perform better even than another individual who is not handicapped. Creating Awareness Bridging the gap between the disabled and the society requires awareness and creation to eradicate the cultural beliefs which discriminate the disabled. Educating the society on the ability and talent the disabled have will change the motives of the community. Change of motives will open chances for the disabled to participate in social, economic and spiritual activities thus boosting their esteem. Accepting the disabled and realizing their potential will expose them to rites of passage like marriage. According to Ghosh (2016), approximately 47% of the disabled are not married in India. The situation is worsening, but when the disabled are involved in community activities, they interact an act which helps them appreciate their condition. The understanding community will provide them with a platform which will enable them to engage themselves in community activities. Advanced Technology Through technology, the disabled can perform the different task assigned to them thus feeling comfortable within a professional setting. For the blind advanced and enough Braille should be provided in both rural and urban areas. From the report published by (Mazurek and Winzer in the year 2005 it is clear that 11% of the disabled were enrolled in special schools in Indians urban area as opposed to 1% in the rural area. Ensuring equal provision of improving machine in both urban and rural area will reduce the number of illiterate handicapped. Automated wheelchairs have been manufactured which helps the lame to move without any assistant comfortably. Using technology some disabilities have been treated, and individuals have recovered their normal status. Adoption of such technology will help in the eradication of the belief that disability is a curse or misfortune. Employment Opportunities Employment creates a socialization environment which helps in eradication of incompetence among the disabled (Yang Sook-Mee, 2011). When the disabled are involved in the different profession, they contribute to the development of the community. Taking part in community development helps in counteracting the belief that handicapped are a burden to the society. Additionally, they make their family proud a situation which encourages families with disabled people. Given a chance to apply their skills encourages young potential handicapped to work hard reducing the percentage of the illiteracy among the disabled? The government should secure specific position to be occupied by the disabled to encourage them to concentrate on education. Securing position for the handicapped help in motivating the community to educate the disabled. Research conducted by Bartle in the year 2015 shows that 265 of the Indian disabled are employed. The percentage has been increasing yearly an aspect which has m otivated the community to educate and value the disabled. Conclusion In conclusion, the Indian culture is being eroded gradually and handicapped are positively benefiting from the cultural eradication. Resources allocated to the disabled are increasing yearly and aspect which is contributing in motivating the disabled to take part in social economic and religious activities. Disability is not inability therefore handicapped should be provided with the same platform as the other people. References Bartle, H. (2015). The Employment and Placement of Handicapped Persons in Industry. JAMA, 313(22), 2289. Bolt, D. (2014). Changing Social Attitudes Toward Disability. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Gabel, S. (2005). Disability studies in education. New York: P. Lang. Ghosh, N. (2016). Interrogating disability in India. New Delhi: Springer India. Goodley, D., Hughes, B., Davis, L. (2012). Disability and social theory. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Mann, W. (2008). Aging, Disability and Independence. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Marini, I., Glover-Graf, N., Millington, M. (2012). Psychosocial aspects of disability. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Mazurek, K. Winzer, M. (2005). Comparative studies in special education. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. Misra, G. (2009). Psychology in India. New Delhi, India: Longman. Priestley, M. (2001). Disability and the life course. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. Reynolds, C. Fletcher-Janzen, E. (2007). Encyclopedia of special education. New York: John Wiley Sons. Schultz, T. (2001). Investment in women's human capital. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Thomas, D. Woods, H. (2003). Working with people with learning disabilities. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Wiener, R. Willborn, S. (2011). Disability and aging discrimination. New York, NY: Springer. Woolcock, H. (2010). Title: Services for the Handicapped in India. Authors: Wallace W. Taylor, Ph.D., and Isabelle Wagner Taylor, Ph.D. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 19(2), 86-86. Yang Sook-Mee, (2011). A Relative Evaluation on Organization Efficiency of the Vocational Rehabilitation Centers for the Handicapped People. Disability employment, 21(3), 97-118.

Marketing in the Tourism Industry

Questions: 1. Does business need IT? 2. Why IT is important for business survival? 3. What is required to apply IT into business? (Cost, planning, designing, equipment, installation, training, etc. 4. How does business use IT? (internally such as staff, employees, and externally such as customers, suppliers.? 5. What benefits and advantages does IT bring to business? (Revenue, flexibility, reduces cost, etc.? 6. What type of risk does IT bring to business? (security, privacy, confidentiality.? 7. How can business maintain and monitor IT? Answers: Introduction The migration of people outside the daily community is defined as tourism. The reasons behind the travelling could be of various issues like spending leisure times, attending conference. The industry of tourism is an integration of the industries like accommodation, recreation, transport and entertainment (Goodall and Ashworth 2013). The beginning of each of the activity to the completion of the activities falls under Tourism. Therefore, tourism is a vast sector comprising of main region, which leads to the satisfaction of the customer. The communication between the travel agents and the customers should be appropriate. Sometimes it is seen that the travel agents does not communicate properly. This inappropriate communication could be avoided by using of Information Technology. The report has been structured taking an Australian company in the field of Tourism industry. The name of the company is Ziccasso. This company is famous in Australia and one of the renowned organizations in t he world. Reason for needing IT in Tourism Industry The significance of information technology in the sector of tourism has tremendously increased in the recent years. It has enabled the transaction of business in the tourism industry by implementing networking with the other trade partners. This helps in distributing the services and providing the related information to all the clients related with that service in a fraction of time. Information Technology is not only required for the travelling business under tourism sector to bloom but it has also helped other services of tourism for the growth and the development. Tools like Geospatial Information Technologies are used for the development of the tourism site. Information Technology is integrated with the marketing organization, which is an important aspect for gaining the success (Gretzel et al. 2015). The different tools that could be used for the tourism industries are GIS for knowing the site of tourist and the development of the site. The marketing could be improved by digital advertisement as well as promotion. The management of services helps in improving the operations. Better management of relationship with the clients could increase the services to the clients by giving them perfect booking of travel, hotel and site at a time. This is only possible by introducing Information Technology in the tourism Industry. Need of IT to Survive the Tourism Industry Information Technology played significant role in the development of tourism industry specially for Ziccasso. The tourism industry was based on manual transactions, which at times might become wrong leading to the dissatisfaction of the customer. The global tourism in the year of 1980 became computer oriented and the growth as well as the development of the industry was well noted. The company started using computer systems for supporting the internal functions of transportation, food servicing and hotel sector. The implementation of Central Reserve System and Global Distribution System incorporated a revolutionary change in Ziccasso. These changes and the fast movement of the tourism industry would not be possible without the Information Technology (Bartlett, Johnson and Schneider 2016). The dissemination of Information Technology in the industry of tourism helps the clients to interact and involve directly to the providers of the tourism. Therefore, without the integration of Infor mation Technology to the industry of tourism the industry still would not have seen such a growth and the development of the industry would still be lacking. The communications and the information that the tourism required could be classified into three groups. The pre-consumption stage, consumption stage and the post-consumption stage are the three stages it could be classified. The first stage consists of planning, decision making and application. The second stage consists of navigation and on-site transactions. The third stage consists of sharing and attachment (Jones 2014). Factors on which Information Technology depends Cost The cost of implementing it IT is formed based on Total Cost of Ownership. It includes the integrated cost of using as well as maintenance. The calculation incorporated the combination of direct costs like operation, hardware, administration and software. The indirect cost includes downtime and operations of end-users. The desktop PC with the factors like network costs, storage, servers, routers, printers the estimated cost is around $8500. The initial purchase is the fraction cost of TCO. The cost would be more than around $15000 over a life span of three years. The direct cost like hardware and software could be calculated with the help of invoices, records relating to the expense of hardware and software and the purchase order (Shapiro and Varian 2013). The operational cost includes the estimation of the number of hours the employee is spending in the office multiplying by the wages. If the working is done associated with IT service providers the payment is done on the hourly basi s. Ziccasso maintained a effective cost structure in the organization. Planning The planning should be done before implementing the information technology in the tourism industry. The planning should be done on the basis of effectiveness of the IT on the industry. The implementation of the technology is not at all cost effective (Cassidy 2016). Therefore, the planning of the future as well s how much time it will require to obtain the pay back from the technology is important. The business plan should include this step, as this is the most significant step for the growth of the industry. Tourism Business using IT Transport Sector: This sector provides an significant link in between the origin of the tourism and the destination of it. The significant use of Global Positioning System is mandatory for the transport Xiang, Magnini and Fesenmaier 2015). The use of radio communication system in transport is also an important role played by IT. Accommodation Sector: The client has the access of all the information regarding he accommodation services and the price he has to pay for it. The reception computer has IDS software, which helps in maintaining the account of the guest (Filieri and McLeay 2014). The programmed electronic card that increases the security of the clients replaces the door keys. Attraction Sector: The potential customers need to be informed about the features, locations, accessibility and specialty. The tourist offices promote the tourist site by promotional videos, websites that are interactive, travel documentaries and advertisement through televisions. The introduction of E-visa has eliminated the time for the stamping required on the passports. Advantages of using IT in Tourism The integration of IT in Tourism has laid to the development of the tourism industry. The industry gained curtained benefits. The invention of Computerized Reservation System has given a big advantage to the industries. This system was first adopted by the airlines sectors but now the railway industries as well as the hotel sector are following this system. This system helps in the maximized of the revenue stream as I have an inventory control (Li et al. 2017). The travel agent is directly connected to the central host through online system. This system helps in increasing the volume of the sale and the product is sold efficiently having a great gain of profit. The Global Distribution System helps in distributing reservations as well as the services regarding information technology to all the outlets of sale globally. The Online Travel Portals helps in getting free information that depends on the supplier reliability. The online travel websites helps in increasing the accessibility o f information. The information of the product, price, loading of webpage and facility of online booking helps in increasing the customer satisfaction (Law, Buhalis and Cobanoglu 2014). The travel websites having the features of the accessibility, design, reliability and customization helps in customer retention. The payment is done through the protective gateway using debit cards and the credit cards. Risk of IT in Tourism Business The use of IT in tourism industries is challenging if the concerned country does not have the infrastructure to withstand the advanced information technology. The country might lack technical as well as the financial resource. The operational scale is also limited. The cheap cost of internet has laid to the growth of the useless websites those are in form of the small and medium enterprises that have low skills and resources for efficiently conducting of the website (Hugstad, Taylor and Bruce 2013). The websites having homogeneity information as the internet minimizes the cost of distribution with the elimination of intermediate commissions. It is seen that many online agencies does not have the infrastructure to take the advantages of the functionality that IT produces to the businesses. The profitability is not guaranteed by the using of IT (Sadgrove 2016). If the firms fail to gain profitability then it might faces tough competitive positions. The implementation of IT is could onl y be advantageous only when the business fulfill the prerequisites. Recommendations The social and the economic benefit the industry of tourism offers to the country. It play a vital role in providing income to the country. It could be improved by good policies. The policies should have good scope for the management capacity to function in an appropriate manner. The inclusion of IT reduced the operation costs of the tourism industry. The recommended way for having a good IT infrastructure is fast, cheap and efficient way of flow of information. The services like e-mail and internet should be used to the utmost level. In transport sector the surface and the water transport should use IT in case of booking and navigation. The attraction sector should take help of IT to incorporate modern products. The use of IT is significant in protecting the resources and maintaining the attraction sector for the tourist (Jung, Chung and Leue 2015). The accommodation sector requires a convincible way for communicating with the clients. The use of CRS and GDS should be followed in an effective and professionalism way. Conclusion The integration of IT with the tourism industry is advantageous for the industry if the industry employs maintaining the prerequisites. The usage of IT is predominant globally. Therefore, the customers are seeking for good services. The opening of numerous online portal for travel misguide the customers to certain extent. Huge numbers of clients are having the concept that the available online information is not adequate for making the decision (Sotiriadis and Van 2013). Therefore, the industries should follow the transparency as well as good relationship with the customers. Direct selling of the services to the customer has increased on a huge number. The online booking made easy for the clients as well s it saves time for them. The payment method is easy and suitable for the clients. Therefore, using the IT systems in tourism industry helped the industry to achieve a new level of growth. Reference Bartlett, K.R., Johnson, K.R. and Schneider, I.E., 2016. Comparing strategic human resource development approaches for tourism and hospitality workforce planning. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism, 15(4), pp.440-461. Cassidy, A., 2016. A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. CRC press. Filieri, R. and McLeay, F., 2014. E-WOM and accommodation an analysis of the factors that influence travelers adoption of information from online reviews. Journal of Travel Research, 53(1), pp.44-57. Goodall, B. and Ashworth, G. eds., 2013. Marketing in the Tourism Industry (RLE Tourism): The Promotion of Destination Regions. Routledge. Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z. and Koo, C., 2015. Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), pp.179-188. Hugstad, P., Taylor, J.W. and Bruce, G.D., 2013. The effects of social class and perceived risk on consumer information search. Journal of Services Marketing. Jones, C.B., 2014. Geographical information systems and computer cartography. Routledge. Jung, T., Chung, N. and Leue, M.C., 2015. The determinants of recommendations to use augmented reality technologies: The case of a Korean theme park. Tourism management, 49, pp.75-86. Law, R., Buhalis, D. and Cobanoglu, C., 2014. Progress on information and communication technologies in hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(5), pp.727-750. Li, Y., Hu, C., Huang, C. and Duan, L., 2017. The concept of smart tourism in the context of tourism information services. Tourism Management, 58, pp.293-300. Sadgrove, K., 2016. The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Shapiro, C. and Varian, H.R., 2013. Information rules: a strategic guide to the network economy. Harvard Business Press. Sotiriadis, M.D. and Van Zyl, C., 2013. Electronic word-of-mouth and online reviews in tourism services: the use of twitter by tourists. Electronic Commerce Research, 13(1), pp.103-124. Xiang, Z., Magnini, V.P. and Fesenmaier, D.R., 2015. Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, pp.244-249.

Hypothermia Investigation Essay Example

Hypothermia Investigation Essay Use simple laboratory equipment to model a person so that a report can be produced on how effective each of the four pieces of advice given is at reducing the rate of heat loss from a body.What is Hypothermia?Hypothermia is a condition in which body temperature falls drastically as a result of exposure to cold. It may occur, for example, in hikers caught in a sudden cold front without sufficient clothing. The elderly can die from hypothermia at temperatures that would not harm younger persons. The condition involves the shutting off of blood flow to the bodys surface. First aid may involve wrapping the victim in blankets (along with the rescuer, if necessary). Hypothermia can be identified by the following symptoms* The body temp falls to 32.2oC or less* A slow pulse or slower breathing* Decrease in concentration e.g. slurred speech staggering decrease in mental skills and lack of response.* No shivering at low temperaturesTreatment at a hospital involves slowly raising the body temp erature by various means. Advice given to walkers to try and stop the causes of Hypothermia from occurring is:1. Always wear a hat.2. Wear many layers of clothes.3. Avoid clothes from becoming wet.4. Try to stay sheltered from the wind.HypothesisHeat Transfer, convection, radiation, or conduction are there tree causes of heat transfer. Although these three processes can occur simultaneously, it is not unusual for one mechanism to overshadow the other two. Heat, for example, is transferred by conduction through the brick wall of a house, the surfaces of high-speed aircraft are heated by convection, and the earth receives heat from the sun by radiationConductionThis is the only method of heat transfer in solids. If the temperature at one end of a metal rod is raised by heating, heat is conducted to the colder end, This is done by the passing of heat energy from atom to atom, This theory helps to explain why good electrical conductors also tend to be good heat conductors. Materials suc h as gold, silver, and copper have high thermal conductivity and conduct heat readily, but materials such as glass and asbestos have smaller values, conduct heat poorly, and are referred to as insulators. This can not occur in a vacuum, as there are no atoms to pass the heat energy on.ConvectionThere are three main features of heat transfer by convection they are:* In convection the atoms themselves move.* Whilst moving the atoms carry the heat energy.* The atoms loose the heat energy the further away from the heat source they travel.If, for example, water in a pan is heated from below, the liquid closest to the bottom expands and its density decreases. Therefore the hot water as a result rises to the top and some of the cooler water descends toward the bottom, this causes a circulatory motion called convection current. A convection current can not travel through a vacuum, as there are no particles to move and carry the heat energy.RadiationThis process is different from both conduc tion and convection in that the substances exchanging heat need not be in contact with each other. A vacuum can separate them. Heat energy in radiation is carried by infrared waves, which are given off by the heat source itself.Surfaces can absorb or reflect radiation. Generally, dull, rough surfaces absorb more heat than bright, polished surfaces. That is why cooking utensils generally have dull bottoms for good absorption and polished sides for minimum emission to maximise the heat transfer into the contents of the pot.Why the advice has been produced?Always wear a hat: This advice has been given, as the hat will trap a layer of air between the top of the head though the hair and then the hat. As air is a poor conductor, conduction can not occur in a strong enough for the heat energy to be able to pass the through the air through to hat. Heat loss through convection can also slowed as the atoms in the blood move the heat energy up into the head. This movement will be slowed, as th e material that the hat is made of will be a poor conductor of heat. Radiation may also have an effect with heat loss through the head because of the colour of the hair i.e. blond hair will reflect infrared radiation back into the head.Wear many layers of clothing: The clothes will trap layers of air between them and the next layer or the skin. This will slow heat loss through conduction, as air is a poor conductor. If the clothes are lightly coloured it will reflect all the infrared radiation back into the body. The more layers worn the longer it will take for a convection current to pass through.Avoid clothes from becoming wet: Damp clothes will loose heat more easily as when the body heats up the heat energy produced will be carried away through evaporation. Water is a poor conductor of heat so will cool the body down quicker. The body itself uses water in sweat glands. These glands secrete moisture, which evaporates and cools the body surface down.Shelter from the wind: The atom s in the wind help convection currents carry the heat energy away from the body. This same process is used in air-conditioning systems in homes and offices to cool down the buildings by blowing cool air currents through the top of the floor; this removes any convection currents and help slow down conduction.For this experiment we are going to reconstruct these pieces of advice that have been given to walkers. Personally I predict that the hat experiment will turn out with the best results. This is because of the conventional air and water currents transporting the heat energy away from the beaker.Preparation WorkTo help and carry out this experiment as successfully as possible a preparation experiment was carried out. This was to check which material out of a selection we were going to use to represent clothes for the proper experiment.The three materials that were tested to try and produce the best results for insulation were: Corrugated brown card, Bubble wrap and green school pap er towels. 100mls of hot water were poured into three beakers and left for ten minutes. The temperature of the water was taken at the start and also at the end and compared with the other materials. The results were as follows:materialTemperature at start (o/c)Temperature at end (o/c)Corrugated card8561Paper towel8764Bubble wrap8762To make this a fair test the same amount of water was used, the beakers were only wrapped with one layer of the material and the temperatures for the beakers were all taken at the same time with digital clocks. As the results show paper towel was the best insulator so this meant that this was going to be used in the investigation to represent clothing. To represent a hat in the experiments polystyrene and corrugated card were cut out into the shape of the top of the beaker. A hole was placed in with a pencil to place through the thermomiter whilst recording the temperatures, this was then coated in tin-foil to help keep in infrared radiation heat inside.M ethodBy using the simple laboratory equiptment we had to investigate the best piece of advice that had been given. To try and keep these experiments fair we used the same amount of water (100mls) meausered form a measuring cylinder, the same colour paper towels (so not to interfere with the radiation given off and then reflected back by different colours). The same lid for each of the required and three out of the four experiments were conducted in the same position in the same lab so try and not alter room temperature. To try and not cause any anomalies we would just use the items required that were set (eg there were no paper towels wrapped around the beakers for the hat experiment).For the hat experiment the lid was placed on top of the beaker with the thermometer in the hole. 100mls of water from the kettle was measured and poured into the beaker the first reading was took and the clock was started. Once every minute for ten minutes a reading was taken and recorded for ten minut es. This was then repeated with out the lid on and the results were recorded.To investigate the clothing advice 100mls of water from the kettle was poured into the beaker. One paper towel was wrapped around the beaker and held into place by tape. Results were again taken once a minute for ten minutes. This experiment was carried out a second time with two layers of paper towel wrapped the beaker and results recorded.For the experiment to investigate the damp clothes advice 100mls of hot water from the kettle was poured into the beaker. This was wrapped with one paper towel that had been soaked in water from the tap. This was stuck to the side of the beaker with tape and the hot water was added. Results were taken ten times in ten minutes and recorded.Placing a fan on full power aimed at a beaker standing on a tripod produced the wind experiment. 100mls of water was added to the beaker and results were taken and recorded once a minute.ApparatusThe following pieces of apparatus were u sed to conduct these experiments: a Pyrex beaker, thermometer, clock, kettle, tap water, tape, paper towels, hand made lid, electric fan, tripod and a measuring cylinder. These all fit under the category of simple laboratory equipment as specified in the task.ResultsThe hat experimentThe experiment was carried out in science 3 on a cold dayWith lid placed on beakerTime (minutes)Temperature (o/c)Start741732703694675666647638619601058The same results were taken without the lid being placed on the beakerTime (minutes)Temperature (o/c)Start741722683654635616597578559541054Wear many layers of clothesThis experiment was conducted in science four on a cold dayWith one layerTime (minutes)Temperature (o/c)Start671662643614595586577558639521051With two layersTime (minutes)Temperature (o/c)Start671652633624605586567558539521051The keep all clothes dryThe experiment was conducted on science four on a cold dayOne layer of damp paper towelsTime (minutes)Temperature (o/c)Start721662603574555536507 498479451044One layer of dry paper towelsTime (minutes)TemperatureStart761722693664645636617598579561055Wind experimentExperiment conducted on a cold day in science fourFan on full powerTime (minutes)Temperature (o/c)Start781692643584545506487458429401038No windTime (minutes)Temperature (o/c)Start751722683664635616587568559531052EvaluationAll four of these experiments were designed to model a human body and the circumstances that cause hypothermia. From my hypothesis I predicted that the experiment with the hat would turn out with the best result, but this was proved wrong by the experiment with the fan. The reason for this is that the stronger airflow will have produced a faster convectional current taking the heat energy away from the beaker faster than normal. This proves that sheltering from the wind is the main way of stopping the symptoms of hypothermia from setting in.The sources of errorAs these experiments were only carried out once to fit in with the amount of work in the space of time there could have been a number of sources of error to cause anomolys these are:* The difference in room temperature in the two rooms used.* The amount of tape on the beakers, as this was not measured* The time taken to get the water from the kettle, let the thermometer reach the right height and then record and start the clock.* The amount of water may have always not have been the same e.g. just less/more than the required 100 mls.* The temperature may have not been taken exactaly on one minute from the previous time.* The temperature on the thermometer may have not been exactly at a certain degree and may have been in between two and rounded.* The paper towels when wrapped around the beaker may have been too slack or taught.* The paper towels may have covered the bottom of the beaker in some of the experiments.* The hat might have not been placed on top of the beaker properly leaving room for heat to be carried away from the beaker.

Prevention and Control of Common Conifer Tree Diseases

Prevention and Control of Common Conifer Tree Diseases Like any kind of tree, the conifer is susceptible to a number of diseases that can damage or destroy it. Sometimes, these diseases strike trees in the forest; other times, only urban or suburban trees are stricken. Dead and dying trees are unsightly but theyre also a potential safety hazard. In populated areas, rot can cause limbs to drop or entire trees to collapse, especially during storms. In forested areas, dead trees can dry out, creating fuel for potential forest fires.  By learning how to recognize different conifer diseases, you can improve the health of trees on your property and preserve the integrity of the local ecosystem. Types of Conifer Disease Softwood or coniferous trees can be harmed or killed by disease-causing organisms called pathogens. The most common tree diseases are caused by fungi, though some diseases are caused by bacteria or viruses. Fungi lack chlorophyll and derive nourishment by feeding on (parasitizing) trees. Many fungi are microscopic but some are visible in the form of mushrooms or conks. Other factors affecting tree disease include climate and where the tree or trees are planted. Not all parts of a tree may be affected or exhibit symptoms. Disease may strike the needles, stem, trunk, roots, or some combination thereof. In some instances, trees can be saved by applying pesticides, trimming the diseased portions, or removing neighboring trees to provide more room. In other cases, the only solution is to remove the tree entirely. Needle Cast Needle cast is a group of tree diseases that cause conifers to shed needles. The symptoms of needle cast tree disease first appear on needles as light green to yellow spots, which eventually turn red or brown. Tiny black fruiting bodies form on the surface of the needles before or after the infected needles are shed. If left untreated, fungal growth can kill the entire needle. Treatment options include applying fungicides, removing diseased needles at first sign of infection, and trimming neighboring greenery to prevent overcrowding. Needle Blight This group of needle blight tree diseases, including Diplodia, Dothistroma and brown spot, attack conifers at the needles and on twig tips. Infected needles often fall from the tree, creating a denuded look. Blight can result in dramatic browning of the foliage, beginning on the lower branches. Repeated annual cycles of infection can result in dead limbs and eventual loss of any meaningful ornamental value. The most effective treatment option is  copper fungicide spray, but you may have to spray repeatedly in order to break the life cycle of the fungi that causes blight. Canker, Rust, and Blister The term canker is used to describe a dead or blistered area in the bark, branch, trunk of an infected tree. Dozens of species of fungi cause canker diseases.   Cankers often appear as waxy discharge on the bark. Blisters or galls appear on branches and look like cysts or tumors on the surface of the bark and may also occasionally produce a waxy or yellowish discharge. Often, lower branches will be the first to show symptoms. Treatment options include pruning affected areas and applying a fungicide. Wilts and Root Diseases These are wood-decay diseases. They may get in through wounds in the lower part of the tree or penetrate roots directly. They involve the roots and in some cases the butt also. These fungi travel from tree to tree either through the air or soil.   Symptoms include die-off of needles on entire branches or limbs, peeling bark, and dropped branches. As rot progresses, the underlying root structure decays, making the tree unstable.  Treatment options are few; in many cases, the entire tree must be removed. If you plan to treat a diseased tree yourself, remember to follow all product directions if using fungicide. Make sure you are properly equipped and wearing goggles, gloves, and other safety gear if you plan to remove part or all of a tree. When in doubt, call a professional tree service. Sources Murray, Madeline. Diseases of Conifers. Utah State University Extension. 3 February 2009.Pataky, Nancy. Common Conifer Diseases of Forests. The University of Illinois Extension. 2009.Wollaeger, Heidi. Preventing, Diagnosing, and Managing Diseases in Conifers. Michigan State University Extension. 5 December 2013.

Enterprise Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Enterprise Business - Assignment Example It is very necessary that the company should have some personnel that can make quick decisions but not rushed decisions because delay in making a decision may lead to losses for the company (Timmons, 1989). Another major quality that a company wants in his employees is the professionalism, and being an entrepreneurial person it is the innate ability of the person to be professional in his attitude and way of conduct; the greatest ability that an entrepreneurial person has is the ability of negotiations and making deals. He knows how to deal with people belonging to different professions and tactfully manipulate the person in to his own talk and make the other person accept what you want. In the previous company in which I had been working my entrepreneurial qualities came quite handy for the company. Initially when I joined the company it wasn’t a much strong and large company, but then I devoted myself for the company and used my innate qualities and abilities of an entrepren eur to make the company one of the largest company. I made many different deals some of which of which were risky, the company at first refused to take risks but then they trusted me and I made the decision and the company’s shares and value increased a lot. ... The company is always in search of new business deals that can benefit their reputation and market value and an entrepreneur is the only person that can make it happen (Cartwright, 2002). QUESTION 2 Like every great personality has to face great many difficulties and problems to on their way to become what they are today. Likewise I also had to travel a long and difficult road to become what I am today. The greatest obstacle that came in my life was my own self. The weaknesses in me were the greatest obstacle that I had to face in my way to success. A person should know his weaknesses and strengths so that he can transform his weakness into his strength and utilize his strengths to his fullest. The greatest weakness in me that caused a lot of trouble for me in my business was that I easily trust people. This weakness of mine initially leads to me trouble and losses but then I soon realized where my fault was and I then had to rectify it; I then started thinking of ways to get rid of this habit. I then tried hard not to trust people and before trusting anyone I made a great deal of investigation and tchen took some further step. Soon experience taught me who to trust and who not to. People won’t believe but I was an extremely shy person and this was a major weakness that I had to overcome otherwise this would have created a lot of trouble for me and I could never succeed. I used to look in the mirror whenever I had time and looked into my eye and talked to myself and used to tell myself that I was confident and that I could do anything and eventually I overcame my shyness (Stein & Walker, 2002). Another weakness that I was able to overcome was that I used to make hasty decisions and I had to rectify this habit. With