Enzymes Laboratory Report

ENZYMES LABORATORY REPORT Introduction The utilization of any mingled molecule for energy by an organism is dependent on a process called hydrolysis. Hydrolysis breaks complex molecules into simpler molecules using piddle. Similarly, the process that is the reverse of this is called dehydration synthesis, which removes peeing from simpler molecules. However, because hydrolysis occurs very slowly, living organisms use biochemicals called enzymes to speed up the response.In this lab exercise, we studied the nature of enzyme actions using live barm cells as our source of sucrose. The enzyme will then break the sucrose into cardinal molecule of glucose and fructose. Because sucrose is a large molecule that cannot throw in nigh cells, yeast will produce sucrase and secrete it into cell membranes. The sucrose will be hydrolyzed into small six-carbon monosaccharides which can enter into the cell membranes. The sucrose can be obtained from a 0. 5 per centum resultant role of dry b akers yeast in water.In parts A and B, the experiment will look at the best temperature under which the yeast cells degrade sucrose using variable pH and temperature of the environment surrounding the yeast cells. Part C will study the effects of extreme heat on enzyme employment and part D will focus on the saturation forefront for enzymes using varying subst set up dousings. Materials and Procedure See pg 79-82 section Enzymes Experiments in Biology from interpersonal chemistry to Sex Fifth Edition By Linda R. Van Thiel Results In experiment A. ffect of pH, the results we obtained for render 1 was a solution seeming of orange and a pretense exertion of 3. For 2 was also orange and chroma legal action of 3. For 3 was orange and a colouring material operation of 3, for 4 was commons and a ruse legal action of 1, and eventually for 5 was blue and a color activity of 0. From our results, it shows the optimum pH is metro 1-3. The operate in this experiment was se ek tubing 3A, with a pH of 7, as this pH was neutral. In strain B. effects of temperature, the optimum temperature is shown on our chart to be two different points (either 24 or 60 degrees).For our results we trustworthy a solution color of blue for tube 1, and a color activity of 0. For tube 2, we received a solution color of orange and a color activity of 3. For tube 3, we received a solution color of common land and a color activity of 1, for tube 4 we received a solution color of orange and a color activity of 3. Finally, for sample tube 5, we received a solution color of blue, and a color activity of 0. The highest rates of activity were found in strain tubes 2 and 4.The control in this experiment was test tube deed 2, which was kept in the temperature environment of 24 C room temperature. In test C. Effect of Denaturation, the diged sucrose and sucrase received slightly let down color activities than the non-boiled tube. Shown on graph 8. 3, the graph begins with no movement in rate of activity followed by a steady improver in the color activity. The results show that test tube 1, which was boiled sucrase and sucrose, had a solution color of green and a color activity of 1. interrogation tube 2, which contained boiled sucrase had a solution color of green and a color activity of 1, test tube 3, which contained boiled sucrose, had a solution color of orange and a color activity of 3, finally test tube 4, which was neither boiled, had a solution color of red, and a color activity of 4. From the results, the neither boiled tube had the highest color activity. The control in this experiment was test tube 4, which was completely untouched. In test D. Effect if substrate concentration, the high(prenominal) concentrations of sucrose received a higher color activity.The graph is represented by a constant followed by a steady drop as the concentration of sucrose decreases. The results showed that in test tube 1, which contained 100% of sucrose, the s olution color was red and the solution gained a color activity of 4. In test tube 2, the concentration of sucrose of 50%, and the solution color was also red, which a color activity of 4. In test tube 3, which contained 25% sucrose, the solution color was orange, and had a color activity of 3, in test tube 4, which contained 10% concentration the solution color was green and had a color activity of 1.In the last test tube, which had no concentration of sucrose, the solution color was blue, and had no color activity. The control in this experiment was test tube 5 which contained no sucrose at all. Discussion In the outset test, the test of the effect of pH, the results show the effect of pH increases the rate of response as having a slightly acidic pH will increase the actual reaction while supporting a more than fundamental pH will decrease the reaction. In our results, it shows that the pH reaches an optimum pH of 7 before diminish.The results are not completely accurate, as t he for the first time three tubes all had a color activity of 3. The actual results should perplex had a slightly higher color activity for the optimum pH (which would have been from a pH of 5-6) and a lower color activity for the starting and ending pH. Experimental error may be caused by unwashed test tubes and slightly inaccurate lists of solution being hardened into test tubes. The second test consisted of the effects of Temperature. Temperature (as represented in graph 8. 2) increases rate of reaction in the enzyme until reaching an optimum point, and then decreasing rapidly.However, in our results, we were accurate until we reached the optimum point, (37 degrees). Instead of this being the highest point for rate of reaction, we obtained a color activity of 1. Because 37 degrees was the optimum temperature, this should have been the highest point and the highest rate of activity. However, we had an experimental error in the form of accidently placing the 3rd tube in the wro ng temperature environment. The third test consisted of the effects of Denaturation. In this test, the tube that showed the highest color activity was tube four because it was not exposed to the higher temperatures.Enzymes that are boiled, or exposed to extreme temperatures could denature the protein component consequently destroying the enzyme. However, by boiling the substrate, the enzymes rate of reaction increases. However in our data, the first and second test tube should have contained no color activity as such extreme temperature would have already destruct the enzyme. There could have been experimental error in the length it took to boil the test tube as it may not have reached its undeniable amount. The last test consisted of the Effects of Sucrose Concentration.By increasing the amount of substrate, the rate of reaction will also increase as it is more likely that substrate molecules are closer to an enzyme molecule. However, this is only true to a certain limit as demo nstrated in the chart. Both test tube 1 (which contains 100% of sucrose) and test tube 2 (which contains 50% of sucrose) have the same color activity despite the significant expiration in concentration. This is because the concentration of substrates has reached an approximate saturation point, which is seen in this enzymatic reaction to be 50%.